No abstract

The colony foundation and development, and pattern of young and established nests of Odontotermes obesus and O. wallonensis were investigated. Swarming of alates of both the species occurred during pre-monsoon (April/May) and continued throughout the wet months. After pairing, alates of both the species selected sites in crevices of the soil or in loose soil for the foundation of a colony. The active construction of the mound was observed during the cool hours of the day in rainy months. The young nests of O. obesus was conical-shaped with one or more conical turrets, whereas it was dome-shaped with one or two domes like turrets in O. wallonensis. In young colonies, the fungus combs were aggregated in the central cavity and the royal chamber was situated beneath usually at the centre. The established nests of both the species were extended by addition of vaults, galleries, runways, etc. The mound nest was extended in vertical direction in O. obesus, whereas it was extended horizontally in O. wallonensis. Resume-La mise en place et le developpement ainsi que le schema des nids jeunes et etablis de VOdontotermes obesus et de X 1 Odontotermes wallonensis ont ete etudies. L'essaimage des ailes des deux especes a ete lieu pendant la pre-mousson (avril/mai) et jusque la fin de la mousson. Apres l'accouplement, les ailes des deux especes choisissaient les emplacements dans les crevasses du sol, ou dans le sol detache, pour la formation de la coionie. La construction du tas de terre se poursuivait activement pendant les heures fraiches du jour durant les mois des la mousson. Les nids jeunes d'Odontotermes obesus sont eonique avec une ou plusiers tourelles, tandis qu'il etait de la forme du dome avec une ou deux tourelles-domes en cas d'Odontotermes wallonensis. Aux colonies jeunes, la rassemblent des meules a champigons a ete observes dans la cavite centrale: au-dessous ne etait la chambre royale, normalement au centre. Les nids etablis des deux especes sont encore elargis par ('addition des voutes, des galleries, des pistes, etc. Le tas du nid s'etend dans la direction verticale d'O. obesus tandis qu'il etait de la forme du horizontale en O. wallonensis.

The study was undertaken to demonstrate on the usage in cotton harvesting bag to reduced drudgery of cotton pickers, from the first hand information, by conducting surveys, primary were collected from the selected villages of Bhadradri kothagudem district of Telangana during kharif 2018 and 2019. Cotton harvesting bag was most acceptable for ease in tying, picking, emptying, load carrying and ergonomically efficient compared to traditional practice use of gunny bag or cloth tied to the body. Cotton harvesting bag was increased work efficiency (10.2%), save the time of seed cotton picking and labour, and effectively reduced drudgery of the cotton pickers.

A Field experiment was conducted during rainy seasons of 2015-16and 2016-17 to study the response of kharif pigeonpea (Cajanus cajan) to different levels of NPK fertilization under rainfed in black soil. Pooled data shows that application of phosphorus with 50 and 75 kg/ha and nitrogen with 20 and 40 kg/ha gave significantly higher grain and stalk yield and harvesting index of pigeonpea. Maximum grain yield (1829 kg/ha) was realised with application of 40-75-20kgNPK/ha it was at par with application of 20-50-0kgNPK/ha (1755 kg/ha).Absolute control resulted in 1283kg/ha. This treatment also gave the higher total plant uptake of N P K by pigeonpea. The study recommended that soil application as basal Phosphorus 75 kg/ha increased 4-5percent grain yield of pigeonpe over a existing recommendation Phosphorus50kg/ha, and pigeonpea crop fertilizer with 20-50-0kg NPK/ha was most productive and profitable.