grains. The very short annealing periods prevented grain growth while still retaining good amount of dislocation density (Fig. 7). Similar observations were also reported in case of TWIP steels by Tewari et al. 28. conclusions The effect of Cryogenic and room temperature rolling on the strength and ductility of UNS S31000 austenitic stainless steel was investigated for 50% and 75% thickness reductions. A five-fold enhancement in the strength is observed under Cryorolled conditions while room temperature rolling has resulted in a four-fold increase. Extensive microstructural investigations using transmission electron microscopy and electron back scattered diffraction methods revealed the development of deformation nano-twins and dislocation cell walls, leading to a strength enhancement. While rolling resulted in severe reduction in ductility, flash annealing treatment between 800 °C and 850 °C for approximately two minutes has restored the ductility significantly, up to as high as 30%.

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