The results of the field and biochemical researches of sweet cherry Prunus avium L. scion Chermashnaya fruit grown on 8 clonal stocks (Kolt, Moskoviya, Izmaylovskiy, Stepnoy rodnik, AVCH-2, VSL-2, VTS-13, V-5-88) are presented. Trees productivity, the fruit average weight and the stone-fruit weight relation were studied, fruit degustation evaluation was fulfilled and the main biochemical parameters such as soluble solids, sugars sum, ascorbic acid concentration and antioxidant activity were determined. The influence of the stock on the fruit biochemical composition, the trees productivity and the fruit weight was determined. The sweet cherries productivity was 12,5 kg/tree at average, and depending on the stock it varied from 8,3 kg/tree (V-5-88) to 18,6 kg/tree (Izmaylovskiy). The biggest fruit were found on the trees with stocks VSL-2, Izmaylovskiy and AVCH-2. At average the proportion of the stone in the fruit weight was 5.3% with the variation depending on the stock from 5.2% (Kolt) to 5.5% (V-5-88, Stepnoy rodnik). According to the degustation results the fruit of scion Chermashnaya were characterized by the sweet harmonized taste and smell (4.5 points), there were not found either taste deterioration or bitterness on any stock. The best results according to the degustation evaluation by the parameters complex were found at scion Chermashnaya combinations on stocks Izmaylovskiy, VSL-2 and Kolt. The soluble solids content also depended on the stock and varied from 13.9 (Chermashnaya on AVCH-2) to 17.2% (Chermashnaya on Izmaylovskiy) at average value 16.0%. The sugars content in the sweet cherry fruit was within the range from 9.0 to 12.4%. The sugars higher accumulation belonged to the combinations of Chermashmaya on Stepnoy rodnik (11.1%) and Chermashmaya on Izmaylovskiy (12.4%). The ascorbic acid content in the sweet cherry fruit did not exceed 8 mg.100 g -1 . Depending on the stock this parameter varied from 5.9 to 9.3 mg.100 g -1 . The highest vitamin C content was found in the fruit at the grafting on the stock Stepnoy rodnik, the lowest oneon the stock Moskoviya. The sweet cherry fruit antioxidant activity according to DPPH method was not high and was in the range from 11.8 to 13.8%.

The influence of seedling and clonal rootstocks of different spreads on Prunus domestica L. plum fruits quality and productivity of Yaichnaya Sinyaya and Utro varieties was studied. The significant change of productivity and the fruit weight of the varieties under study was to determine under the influence of the rootstock. Depending on the scion-stock combination the plum tree's productivity varied from 7.5 kg/tr. (Utro/140-1) to 15.1 kg/tr. (Yаichnaya Sinyaya /Novinka) at the mean value of 11.5 kg/tr. Medium-growing rootstocks Novinka and OPA-15-2 provided the maximum value of the varieties productivity The significant productivity decrease relatively to seedling rootstock was stated for the combinations with low-growing rootstock 140-1. Soluble solids content in the fruits of Yаichnaya Sinyaya variety is higher than in the fruits of Utro variety, moreover, the highest values were determined on Novinka and OPA-15-2 rootstocks: on 4 – 4.5% higher in comparison with the fruits on the seeding rootstock at average. The rootstock causes less influence on titratable acids. The antioxidant activity of Yаichnaya Sinyaya variety fruits is 30% higher than that of Utro variety fruits on average. The maximum values of antioxidant activity in Yаichnaya Sinyaya variety fruits were fixed on OPA-15-2 rootstock (16.37%), the minimal ones – on Skorospelka Krasnaya rootstocks (14.68%). In the fruits of Utro variety the highest values were stated on OP-23-23 rootstock (13.16%), and the lowest ones – on the seedling rootstock (10.93%). The content of phenolic compounds sum is 60% higher in the fruits of Yаichnaya Sinyaya variety than in Utro variety ones on average. The decrease of the content of phenolic compounds sum was stated in the fruits of Utro variety on all the rootstocks in comparison with the combination Utro/seedling rootstock. The decreasing series of ash elements accumulation (K > P > Ca > Mg > Mo > S > Zn > Si) was determined. The strongest variety differences on total mineral element content were overvalued on medium-growing clonal rootstocks (Novinka, OP-23-23 and OPA-15-2). OPA-15-2 and OP-23-23 rootstocks provided the highest fruit quality on the combination of economic and biochemical parameters.

The results of the field observations and biochemical researches of plum (PrunusrossicaErem.) fruits grown in the garden of intensive type with agrogenic soil in row spacing are presented in the article. The fruits of plum breeds Kubanskaya kometa и Naidena were gathered from the trees grafted on different stocks. The influene of the stock on the trees productivity, the fruit weight and biochemical structure of the plum fruits were studied. Basic chemical analyses, ascorbic acid concentration, antioxidant activity and fruit ash content were determined. The variation limits of the parameters under study depending on the used stock were shown. The best degustation evaluation parameters were found at the combinations of Kubanskaya kometa on stocks OPA-15-2 and Novinka, Naidena on OPA-15-2 (more than 4,5 points). The high positive correlation (r= 0.92) was marked between solutable solids and sugars content.The researches about the stock influence on the plum fruits titratable acidity change we have not found.The correlation between AA and ascorbic acid content in the fruits was determined (r =0.7). The decreasing row of the elements content in the plum fruits ash is the following: K>P>Mg>Ca>Mo>Cu>S>Ni>Fe≈Si>Mn. The proportion of K is from 18.67 (Naidena/ОРА-15-2) to 27.48 (Kubanskaya kometa/Novinka); P from 3.35 (Kubanskaya kometa/seedlings P.cerasifera Ehrh. to 6.39 (Kubanskaya kometa/Novinka), Mg from 1.11 (Nnaidena/ОРА-15-2) to 2.43 (Naidena/seedlings P.cerasifera Ehrh.) and Ca from 0.39 (Naidena/13-11) to 1.85 (Naidena/OPA-15-2) mass % respectively. The proportion of the rest elements is not more than 1 mass %.  Under the OPA-15-2 stock influence the trees productivity and the single fruit weight increased, solutable solids, sugars and ascorbic acid concentration in the fruit in comparison with standard stock by the seedling rootstock of alycha (PrunuscerasiferaEhrh. seedlings). While ingrafting by Novinka stocks the parameters under study decreased.

Cherry is a stone fruit crop that is valued for its early fruiting, productivity, and high taste and diet properties. The researches in the sphere of compatible scion-stock combinations selection of cherry crops with high winter hardiness and fruits quality were held in Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution All-Russian Horticultural Institute for Breeding, Agrotechnology, and Nursery (FSBSI ARHIBAN) for these crops introduction in industrial gardening of the Central region of Russia. The mineral composition of four cherry cultivars of FSBSI ARHIBAN selection (Apuсhtinskaya, Rusinka, Volochaevka, and Molodezhnaya) grown on rooted and grafted plants (stocks AVCH-2, Izmaylovskiy, and Moskoviya) was studied for the first time. The influence of scion-stock combinations on 11 elements (Na, P, K, Mn, Fe. Mg, Ca. Co, Zn, Se, Mo) accumulation in the fruits was determined. The greatest proportion of mineral substances in cherry fruits belongs to K. Depending on the scion-stock combination its amount is varied from 13.89 mass % (Apuсhtinskaya/Moskoviya) to 30.52 mass % (Molodezhnaya/Izmaylovskiy). For all cultivars fruits, the amount of K is 1.1 – 1.3 times higher on stock Izmaylovskiy than on rooted plants. The variation coefficient of K is low (V %) 1.37 – 6.91 for the majority of scion-stock combinations that indicate the stable entry of this element inside the fruit. The most content of all the elements under study was found in the fruits ash of Rusinka, Molodezhnaya, and Volochaevka on stock Izmaylovskiy that indicates the stable physiological state of the plants on these stocks. Results show that the cherry fruits analyzed could be an alternative to the supplementing of a mineral diet.

In 2018-2020, the study was carried out in the Leninsky municipality of Moscow region to explore garden plum in terms of its growth, productivity and morphobiochemical processes depending on the stock. Planting was in 5×2.5 m plots. The subjects of the study include trees of 2 plum varieties (Yaichnaya Sinyaya and Utro) with 5 stocks: plum seedling stock (control), Novinka, OP-23-23, OPA-15-2 and 140-1. The trees were 18 years of age. The influence of the stock on the leaf morphology, biochemical indicators, growth and productivity of grafted plum trees was established. An increase in the linear and radial growth of trees in comparison with the control was noted on clonal stocks OPA-15-2 and OP-23-23, a decrease in height by 15-20% – on 140-1 and Novinka stocks. The minimal average length of shoots was identified for trees grafted on the 140-1 and Novinka (9-12 cm) stocks. When grafted on OPA-15-2 and OP-23-23 stocks, the total shoot growth was 1.7 times greater than on the seedling stock. The leaf area ranged from 21.4 (Yaichnaya Sinyaya/seedling stock) to 36.2 m2/tree. (Utro/OPA-15-2). Th e low-growing tree stock 140-1 produced a smaller assimilation apparatus than in the control. The leaf area index ranged from 4.3 to 7.2. The OPA-15-2 and OP-23-23 clonal stocks provided the optimal values of the leaf biometric indicators. The study of leaf microsculpture revealed the morphological differences depending on the stock for total number of stomata and their size. The stomatal index ranged from 1.7 to 2.0. The influence of stock on the content of photosynthetic pigments and their ratio was established by means of spectrophotometry. An increase in the content of the sum of chlorophylls (a + b) to 8.3 mg/ml and their highest ratio was observed in the leaves of the Utro/OPA- 15-2 and Yaichnaya Sinyaya/OP-23-23 combinations. The maximum values of antioxidant activity (over 90%) and content of phenolic compounds in leaves were recorded with OP-23-23 stock. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed quantitative differences in the composition of low-molecular metabolites (glycerol, myo-inositol, fumaric-, quinic- and lactic acids) depending on the stock. The productivity of garden plum varieties was 1.4-1.9 times higher when grafted with OPA-15-2, Novinka and OP-23-23 in comparison with seedling stock. Cultivation of the Yaichnaya Sinyaya variety with these stocks resulted in an increase in yield from 8 to 15 tonnes/ha, and cultivation of the Utro variety – from 12 to 18 tonnes/ha.