We report herein the synthesis of siloxane-functionalized CBP molecules (4,4′-bis(carbazole)-1,1′-biphenyl) for liquid optoelectronic applications. The room-temperature liquid state is obtained through a convenient functionalization of the molecules with heptamethyltrisiloxane chains via hydrosilylation of alkenyl spacers. The synthesis comprises screening of metal-catalyzed methodologies to introduce alkenyl linkers into carbazoles (Stille and Suzuki Miyaura cross-couplings), incorporate the alkenylcarbazoles to dihalobiphenyls (Ullmann coupling), and finally introduce the siloxane chains. The used conditions allowed the synthesis of the target compounds, despite the high reactivity of the alkenyl moieties bound to π-conjugated systems toward undesired side reactions such as polymerization, isomerization, and hydrogenation. The features of these solvent-free liquid CBP derivatives make them potentially interesting for fluidic optoelectronic applications.

We show that through the introduction of short dimethylsiloxane chains, it was possible to suppress the crystalline state of CBP in favor of various types of organization, transitioning from a soft crystal to a fluid liquid crystal mesophase, then to a liquid state. Characterized by X-ray scattering, all organizations reveal a similar layered configuration in which layers of edge-on lying CBP cores alternate with siloxane. The difference between all CBP organizations essentially lay on the regularity of the molecular packing that modulates the interactions of neighboring conjugated cores. As a result, the materials show quite different thin film absorption and emission properties, which could be correlated to the features of the chemical architectures and the molecular organizations.

We report herein the synthesis of siloxane-functionalized CBP molecules (4,4’-bis(carbazole)-1,1′-biphenyl) for liquid optoelectronic applications. The room-temperature liquid state is obtained through a convenient functionalization of the molecules with heptamethyltrisiloxane chains via hydrosilylation of alkenyl spacers. The synthesis comprises screening of metal-catalyzed methodologies to introduce alkenyl linkers into carbazoles (Stille and Suzuki Miyaura cross-couplings), incorporate the alkenylcarbazoles to dihalobiphenyls (Ullmann coupling), and finally introduce the siloxane chains. The used conditions allowed the synthesis of the target compounds, despite the high reactivity of the alkenyl moieties bound to π-conjugated systems toward undesired side reactions such as polymerization, isomerization, and hydrogenation. The features of these solvent-free liquid CBP derivatives make them potentially interesting for fluidic optoelectronic applications.

Introduction: Bronchiolitis is a viral disease that occurs in infants and is an important cause of hospitalization in this group. It has a benign course. The only treatment that is proven to be effective is supportive. Objectives: To evaluate the frequency of pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments used in patients who received bronchiolitis diagnosis in the Emergency room (ER) in the last five years, bronchiolitis evolution in these patients and develop a treatment protocol for bronchiolitis patients. Methods: Longitudinal retrospective study including children diagnosed with bronchiolitis in the ER from January 1, 2014 to December 31, 2018. Patients were compared for age, month of year in which they sought the ER, clinical characteristics before and after initial approach, need for ventilatory assistance, and outcome. Results: We analyzed 614 children; 58.3% were male; mean age was 5.21 months; there was a concentration of cases between April and July; Complication was described in 18.24% of patients. First therapeutic choice was inhaled bronchodilator (60.6%). All treatments were related to a statistically significant reduction in wheezing. Treatments that showed the highest improvement rates in infant respiratory pattern were nasal washing with SF0.9% and oxygen therapy. Conclusion: Evolution in bronchiolitis patients mainly depends on how the organism reacts to infection. No treatment demonstrated efficacy in changing bronchiolitis outcome, although transitory clinical improvement. Drug usage seems to be associated with greater physician concern due to greater severity in these children. Thus, a protocol needs to be created for treating a patient with bronchiolitis which reduces unnecessary interventions.