In 1961-1990 and in the period 1961-2010.

The aim of this work was the analysis of the occurrence of drought, which was determined by the deficit of precipitation and the deficit of soil moisture in the time period 2015 till 2021 in the Orava region, in the comparison with the extent of damage caused by the drought and important biotic pests on the adult forests, which had been registered by the foresters of the Lesy SR, the state corporation. The Orava region was chosen because of the long-term spruce forests decline and the occurrence of more severe drought, which had been rare in the past there. The long-term soil water deficit can expressively weaken the forests, what was finally confirmed in our work. The biotic malign factors Ips typographus L., Pityogenes chalcographus L. and Armilaria sp. were chosen for their high multitudes and for their predisposition to continue in the process of the degradation of woods, as the secondary, respectively the tertiary malign factor beside the drought. The condition of forest vegetation has the long-term feedback to the bad availability of soil moisture, which depends on the specific species resistance to the drought stress. The ascertained results confirm the suitability of the chosen methodology for the drought monitoring, because its outputs are in good agreement with the reports of drought impacts by the end employers. The soil water deficit correlates with deficit of precipitation. It was registered, that the occurrence of important biotic pests in the dry periods is more frequent and the warnings and precautions are inevitable.

The drought is much discussed phenomena in the latest years, because of its more frequent occurrence and the stronger intensity. For this reason, the monitoring of dry conditions is very important. The Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMI) monitors the meteorological and soil drought since 2015, and then in 2017, the monitoring of the surface water level and monitoring of the water resources with the drought impacts on the agriculture and forestry was added in 2017. The products are public and freely available on the SHMI webpage. The monitoring aims on the evolution of climatic conditions regarding to the beginning, the development and intensity of drought. The monitoring of meteorological drought is updating on weekly basis and the additional product is the forecast of drought for following 10 days. The used indices are SPEI and SPI. Both indices are calculated using flowing window with accumulation period of 30 days. Nowadays, the monitoring is only for selected 41 meteorological stations, but it is planned to convert it to grid resolution 1 km and on daily basis. The monitoring of soil drought is produced on weekly basis in the cooperation with CzechGlobe, from Brno, Czech Republic. The soil data are computed by SoilClim model in 0.5x0.5 km grid. The one part of soil drought monitoring is the characterisation of drought impacts on local scale. Drought impacts are evaluated in forestry and agriculture by experts. The model results and the answers from questionnaire are annually summarized and compared themselves. In this case the cooperation among experts from various departments is inevitable.