Introduction: Although, there is a current regulatory framework for optimal manual handling of loads to preserve health conditions in the industrial sector, technical assessment and the use of certain instruments are still required for the diagnosis of occupational hazards. This study aimed to identify the occupational hazards associated with manual load handling in industry workers and estimate those resulting from postural stress. Methods:  Fifty-two (52) industry workers took part in this cross-sectional study. All participants were evaluated using the Manual Handling Guide and the Reba assessment tool.  Subjects were characterized, and risks associated with different tasks were detected. Results: 59.6% of workers were between 18 and 45 years old. Lifting, lowering, and transporting loads activities had a repetitive task risk of 94%, exceeding the weight limit in 85.7% of cases. Pushing and pulling activities, mostly showed a working postural risk of 82% and a high perception of initial effort (Borg> 8). Reba score warned to intervene immediately in both types of tasks. Conclusion: Risk from the manual handling of loads found in this study constitutes an alert that suggests reviewing compliance with the current regulation, as well as effective use of working pauses and the improvement of strategies to minimize physical efforts used by workers.

Introduction Within the occupational field, changes in the characteristics of work have revealed risks associated with static, repetitive work and litle physical activity, which together with individual health conditions of workers can trigger diseases and musculoskeletal disorders. Objectives To obtain a preliminary characterization of workers in an industrial area, including their health and working conditions. Methods This is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach, developed with 69 men who worked in the industrial area of Viña del Mar, Chile. A clinical and occupational evaluation was carried out with the application of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire as well as the Standardized Nordic Questionnaire. Results The following risk factors were identified: 53.6% of the workers were smokers, 92.8% presented low levels of physical activity, and 70.3% reported feeling pain in body segments that were physically required during their work tasks. Among all workers, 63% were overweight according to their body mass index and 62% presented high systolic pressure. Pain was mostly detected in the spine, and it was slightly associated with forklif operation by older workers (t-test p < 0.05). Conclusions Workers were in the presence of cardiovascular and occupational risks. It is necessary to promote timely education and training on health conditions and to evaluate risks associated with machinery operation in order to prevent work-related pain.

Introducción: Las evaluaciones de opción múltiple constituyen el instrumento ampliamente usado en ciencias para evaluar al estudiantado; sin embargo, la reciente pandemia exigió adaptar este tipo de instrumento al entorno virtual. Este contexto requirió valorar la calidad de los instrumentos mediante índices de discriminación, consistencia interna y relacionarlo con el rendimiento académico. Objetivo: Evaluar los instrumentos de evaluación empleados en modalidad online durante la pandemia por COVID-19, y el rendimiento de los estudiantes en ciencias de la salud. Método: Se realizó la revisión de los 5 instrumentos de la asignatura Estructura y Función formados por 290 bancos de preguntas aleatorias para evaluar cada contenido en estudiantes de primer año durante el 2020 en la escuela de ciencias de la salud en la Universidad Viña del Mar. Se analizaron los datos obtenidos a partir de la plataforma virtual y se interpretaron los índices de discriminación, facilidad, eficiencia discriminativa, consistencia interna y rendimiento académico mediante un informe que fue compartido con los docentes para identificar los parámetros de calidad y validez. Resultados: Del total de bancos de preguntas evaluados, un 70.2% de las preguntas presentaron adecuada discriminación y solo un 5.6% debieran ser eliminadas. El certamen dos obtuvo el menor rendimiento promedio 3.9 ± 0.99; sin embargo, presentó la consistencia interna más alta: 81%. Al comparar todos los instrumentos se observó una mejora gradual en la formulación, reflejada en el examen final, en el que además el rendimiento académico concuerda con el promedio del semestre 4.2 ± 0.92. Conclusiones: El rendimiento académico debe ponderarse en relación con la calidad del instrumento formulado en el que, a menor índice de facilidad, existe una mayor consistencia interna, representado por la mayor eficiencia discriminativa de las preguntas. El proceso de diseño y formulación de los instrumentos debe cuidar y examinar estas pautas para resguardar criterios de calidad.

Objectives: This study aimed to analyze the scientific evidence available in the literature that addresses the relationship between mental fatigue and burnout syndrome associated with teleworking in times of the COVID-19 pandemic through an integrative review. Methods: This review included searching the following databases: PubMed, Scopus, Taylor & Francis, Embase, Science Direct and SciELO. Using the DeCs and MeSH health sciences descriptors, the articles included were dated between March and December of 2021, during the pandemic. Of a total of 224 results, 215 articles were excluded, considering 9 for the preparation of this integrative review. Results: Mental fatigue was related to technostress, the presence of somatic symptoms such as anxiety and insomnia (p < 0.05), and loss of motivation (p < 0.05). Burnout was positively associated with overload, high interdependence, and less clarity of the worker's role. The presence of a stressful and protective factor in burnout was evidenced, such as intrusive leadership and workaholism, respectively. Greater exhaustion was observed in workers of generation X (41 to 55 years). Conclusions: It has been concluded that mental fatigue is related to exhaustion in the productive, physical and psychological dimensions of the subjects. Addiction to work has moderated this phenomenon, however, it is urgent to limit and optimize work hours as well as promote disconnection and rest in workers within the framework of a healthy work policy.

Introducción. se ha descrito que una favorable percepción de los estudiantes sobre un proceso de enseñanza y aprendizaje constituye un aspecto relevante que favorece el desempeño académico. sin embargo, existe escasa información sobre otros factores de riesgo académico de los estudiantes que ingresan en la educación superior. Objetivo. Conocer la experiencia académica previa de los estudiantes de cinesiología, su percepción sobre las metodologías de enseñanza y su relación con el rendimiento. Sujetos y métodos. Estudio descriptivo de corte transversal, en el cual se estudiaron 108 alumnos de la Escuela de Cinesiología de la asignatura 'Anatomía del aparato locomotor'. se diseñó y validó un cuestionario para evaluar la percepción de satisfacción y la experiencia académica previa. Posteriormente se aplicó a los estudiantes y se registraron sus calificaciones durante el semestre. Resultados. los estudiantes evaluaron positivamente la gestión docente en metodología y enseñanza en sus tres dimensiones, obteniendo una puntuación de 3,5 ± 0,3. sin embargo, el 65,7% de los estudiantes reprobó la asignatura. los resultados indican que no hay una relación directa entre la metodología de enseñanza y el rendimiento académico. no obstante, la experiencia académica previa parece ser de gran importancia. Conclusión. Es necesario debatir sobre variables de índole académica, como la experiencia previa de los estudiantes, que constituyen factores de predicción del éxito académico y también aquellas que favorecen el burnout académico, e incorporar estrategias de apoyo a estudiantes que presentan estas características para un mejor desempeño académico. Palabras clave. Educación médica. Experiencia académica. Percepción estudiantil. rendimiento académico.