Climate mitigation and adaptation planning (CMAP) has recently been implemented across the EU-28 to reduce GHG emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O). Thus, the aim of this study was to provide an overview of GHG emissions from the agricultural sector in the EU-28 from 1990 to 2019, and cluster the EU-28 countries regarding their total GHG emissions. The results emphasize the positive impact of CMAP through a negative trend of the total GHG emissions (−2653.01 thousand tons/year, p < 0.05). Despite the positive and not significant trend of the total CO2 emissions, both CH4 and N2O exhibited a negative and significant trend. At the country scale, Italy, the United Kingdom, and the Netherlands showed the highest reduction in total GHG emissions, by −282.61thousand tons/year (p < 0.05), −266.40 thousand tons/year (p < 0.05), and −262.91 thousand tons/year (p < 0.05), respectively. The output of the multivariate analysis approach indicates changes in the pattern of GHG emissions between 1990 and 2019, where CO2 emissions decreased in the case of Poland and Czechia. The output of this study highlights the positive impact of CMAP, adopted by EU countries, in minimizing GHG emissions. Despite some fluctuations in CO2 emissions, strategies for attaining carbon neutrality in the agricultural sector, across the European Union, should be pursued.

Entrepreneurship has had an indecisive role due to its effects in enhancing living standards for usual people, exploiting opportunities in undiscovered areas, improving sustainability in all fields, and encouraging the process of innovation. In this sense, entrepreneurship plays an important role in achieving the Sustainable Development Goals of the United Nations (UNSDGs-2030). The main goal of this research is to study the role of entrepreneurship in achieving sustainable development goals through conducting a qualitative method. Granger causality test was used for selected Eastern European countries (2006 – 2016), data were collected from Global Entrepreneur Monitor and World development indicators. The study concluded through Granger’s causality that entrepreneurship causes human development and therefore affects the economic and social dimensions of Sustainable Development. Entrepreneurship is one of the causes of economic growth, and the relationship between entrepreneurship and the extent to which environmental quality is achieved is moving from the environmental dimension to Entrepreneurship.