No abstract

The article is based on the materials identified in seven collections of archives of Tyumen Oblast, the use of a number of published documents, the memoirs of the prospector Aleksandr Pobozhiy. The aim of the work is to show the extremely important significance of the Transpolar Railway in various areas of territory development. In connection with this aim, the main research attention is focused on the influence of the railway, which had different names in different periods of time (Vorkuta-Salekhard, Polar Railway, Chum-Salekhard-Igarka), on the economic development of the region. The influence was manifested both during the construction period and after its completion. The author used historical genetic and historical comparative research methods. The historical genetic method was used for the analysis of the causes of the phenomena that developed during the construction period, including the reasons for the termination of the railway's construction. The historical comparative method was used for the general analysis of the processes that developed in the north of Tyumen Oblast. These processes were considered in the context of the territory's economic development. The phenomena in the Arctic zones of the region in the conditions of modern and previous stages of development were compared. The author's main conclusions are the following. The Transpolar Railway entailed a large-scale scientific study of the vast territory of Yamalo-Nenets National Okrug, caused the development of railway, aviation, sea, river transport and transport communications with the center of the country; influenced the growth of the population and its qualitative characteristics. The built telephone and telegraph line provided stable communication with different regions of the country. Regarding the reasons for the termination of the construction of the road, the author came to the conclusion that they were related to the geological features of the section connecting the right and left wings of the railway - the Nadym-Pur-Taz interfluve. The features of this site led to the need for construction conservation. Due to the peculiar political processes in the country (the consequences of Stalin's death, Beria's execution, the liquidation of the GULAG system), the construction was transferred from the conservation stage to the completion stage. The launched study of the features of the territory of the Nadym-Pur-Taz interfluve prepared the main result of the design and survey work on the railway, which consisted in the transition to its geological study. The author also came to the conclusion that, without making it public, the road was used in the geological, gas, transport, urban development of the territory of Yamalo-Nenets Okrug.

ЛОГИКА РЕПРЕССИЙ КОНЦА 1930-х гг. В ПРЕДЕЛАХ БЫВШЕЙ ТОБОЛЬСКОЙ ГУБЕРНИИ Опираясь на архивные документы определены основные категории и группы репрессированных в 1930-е гг. в пределах бывшей Тобольской губернии, будущей Тюменской области. К указанным категориям с учетом принадлежности к территории, отнесены ссыльные по политическим и административным статьям и местные жители. Группы репрессированных выделены на основании главных причин привлечения их к политической ответственности. Вследствие этого автор предпринял попытку проследить логику репрессий. Ключевые слова: политические процессы; репрессии; высшая мера наказания; исправительно-трудовые лагеря; арестованные; категории и группы репрессированных; бывшая Тобольская губерния; конец 1930-х гг.

На основании анализа вводимых в научный оборот рассекреченных документов СЭВ, Госплана СССР рассмотрено становление советского газового экспорта в Европу. Дана датировка явления, раскрыта его обусловленность. Начало поставок газа из СССР произошло под влиянием остроты проблемы с топливно-энергетическими ресурсами в странах Восточной Европы, нехватки угля, недостаточности его ресурсов в СССР, а также под давлением настойчивых обращений о поставках газа руководства стран -членов СЭВ. С начала 1960-х гг. Советский союз взял курс на ускорение темпов добычи газа, строительства газопроводных систем, расширение советского газового экспорта.

The initial idea of the article is based on the fact that the industrial development of the territory of the Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug (KHMAO) in the 1930s-1950s was associated with the forestry and timber industry, and later with oil and gas. The article aims to characterize the development of the oil and gas industry of the region from 1964 to 2020 by highlighting the main periods in the evolution of the industries. In the course of the research, the main body of historical sources was made up of various statistical materials extracted both from the collections of state archives and from published collections of statistical materials. Materials of the current archives of the Territorial Body of the Federal State Statistics Service in Tyumen Oblast, the sites of the Government of the KHMAO-Yugra and the Department of Economic Development of the Government of KHMAO. In this research, the author relied on the principle of historicism, which aims to consider the phenomenon in its conditionality, development, taking into account the changes taking place in it. The application of the historical research method made it possible to carry out a periodization of the process, with the ordering of available factual data, to identify the most significant features in the development of industries on their basis. The historical-genetic method helped to identify the reasons for the transition from one period in the evolution of these two industries to another. The historical-typological method, using an inductive approach, helped to identify the criteria for periodization, time boundaries of periods, taking into account their qualitative differences. Tracing the historical conditionality of the development of the oil and gas sector of KHMAO, the conclusion has been drawn that these two industries, as well as the previously developed forestry industry, were brought to life by the need to ensure Soviet exports. The oil and gas industry went through four periods in its development from 1964 to 2020. During the second period, in 1974, KHMAO's oil industry took a leading position in the country. It maintains leadership at the present time. KHMAO became the birthplace of the gas industry in Western Siberia. In modern conditions, this branch of KHMAO occupies the second place in gas production in Russia. KHMAO provides the country with associated petroleum gas. The oil and gas industry has an absolute predominance in the economic structure of the region. Oil and gas production led to the creation of a powerful construction industry, the country's largest electric power base, and the oil refining industry. For a considerable period of time, the region had very high rates of population growth and construction of a network of cities and towns. While working on this article, the author referred to the previous developments on the problem of the formation and development of the oil and gas industry in Western Siberia in her doctoral thesis, numerous monographs, and articles.