The garlic has been widely used as medicinal plant for its therapeutic properties This study was aimed to investigate the antioxidant role of garlic (G) against oxidative stress induced by malathion (M) in male albino rats. After experimental period (28 days), the study investigated some biochemical parameters and oxidative stress markers in plasma rats. The results revealed that, malathion induced significant increase in plasma Tri-iodothyronine (T 3 ), Thyroxin (T 4 ), glucose values and malondialdehyde (MDA) as oxidative stress marker was noticed. However, significant decrease was recorded in cholesterol, total protein (T. Protein) contents and in defense system biomarker total SH-protein. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity was inhibited by malathion treatment and cause alteration in non-specific esterase and protein pattern. Finally, these results concluded that garlic has significant protection against malathion intoxication demonstrated inhibition in acetyl cholinesterase (AChE) activity and reduced in cholesterol, T. protein and total SH-protein. Further studies are necessary to investigate the significant effect of garlic on thyroid gland, brain and neurotransmitters.

Back Ground: Cypermethrin (CPM) is non-systematic type II synthetic pyrethroid, commonly used for pest control in livestock, forestry, horticulture, household, public and animal health services, private homes, and animal husbandry. By scavenging free radicals and modulating antioxidant protection mechanism, plant phytochemicals (vitamin C and Curcumin) are known to exert their protective impact, Aim: The current research aimed to examine the ameliorative effect of combining curcumin with prevention of vitamin C against the toxic effects of cypermethrin. Method: Four groups of ten male rats each,-ve control, +ve control group (200 mg curcumin and 100 mg vit. C/ kg bw), cypermethrin alone (200 mg / Kg bw), and cypermethrin supplemented with the protective antioxidants orally intubated for 28-days. Result: Oral cypermethrin induced a significant increase in MDA and PC in serum, liver and brain as the oxidant biomarkers. While the antioxidant biomarkers (CAT, GSH or SH protein) were significantly decreases in serum and brain tissues. The phase II biotransformation GST was increased significantly in brain and liver tissues. ATPase activity declined significantly in brain tissue only. Conclusion: we can deduce that, cypermethrin induce oxidative stress in serum and organs tissues of male rats and the protective role curcumin and vit. C was more evident on serum, brain than liver.

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Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. kurstaki (Btk) is well-known and widely used as a biological insecticide. Registration of biopesticides with the national pesticides broad must be laboratory testing for acute toxicity as short-term and long-term health effects. Acute oral toxicity tests were carried out on rats with -endotoxin and formulation (9.4% WP) of Btk based on the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD). The purpose of this study is to assess the biosafety of the bioinsecticide Btk (-endotoxin and 9.4% WP) in adult rats after a single oral dose based on hematotoxicity, hepato-renal toxicity, and the lipid profile. Results illustrate that most haematological parameters increased in treated rats. Compared to the control, liver enzymes (AST, ALT, and ALP) and globulin (Glb) concentration were increased and decreased in male rats subjected to both kinds of Btk. While female rats treated with both Btk products are showing a significant elevation in ALP, total protein (TP), albumin (Alb), and Glb levels versus the levels of ALT and AST. Urea concentrations decreased significantly in all treated rats, but Creatinine levels appeared to remain unchanged. Moreover, there was a decline and elevation in the serum of lipid profiles (T cholesterol and HDL) in treated male rats and female rats, respectively. LDL levels increased in treated male animals, while they decreased in treated females. All treated animals displayed negligible modifications in tissue somatic index, except a slight increase in lung weights when compared to the control. Contradictory, the body weight gain levels were reduced in all treated animals compared to untreated. In addition, there are no mortality or pathogenicity symptoms in all treated animals. These findings suggest that both treatments can induce hepato-renal toxicity and hematotoxicity with side effects on lipid profile aspects. Therefore, additional research, including subacute and chronic studies, is recommended.