Bullying and victimization (BAV) have been widely studied, but the potential mechanism of parental behavioral control (PBC) on bullying and victimization in Chinese adolescents has not been explored. This study aimed to examine a moderated mediation model for the association between PBC and BAV mediated by deviant peer affiliation (DPA) and moderated by gender. A total of 3779 adolescents (Nboy = 1679, Mage = 14.98 years, SD = 0.95) from southwest China has completed the Peer Bullying, Peer Victimization, PBC, and DPA questionnaires. The results indicated that: (1) PBC significantly predicted adolescents’ BAV (−12%); (2) DPA mediated the effect of PBC on BAV only for those adolescents who were both bullies and victims; (3) the mediating role of DPA was moderated by gender only in the relationship between PBC and victimization, with a relatively stronger effect in girls than in boys.
With the increasing mobility of the rural population in China and the growing number of residents moving to the cities for work or study, rural society is forming a pluralistic, interest-centered, “open” social networks relations that follows the modern rule of law contract. Based on Chinese General Social Survey (CGSS) data, the results of the empirical study finds that social insurance can significantly enhance the social interactions of rural residents in China, that is, formal social security system in rural areas promotes informal social security mechanisms such as social interactions. The results of the grouping test show that rural residents in China’s different regions were affected by social insurance in different ways. Social insurance has a greater impact on the social interactions in the eastern region than in the middle and western regions. The propensity score matching method was used to reduce the sample selection bias, and the findings of the paper were found to be robust.
Online consumption not only is an economic phenomenon, but also has a profound impact on offline consumption. Under this context, this article analyzes the mechanism of how they influence offline consumption and puts forward research hypotheses. China Household Financial Survey (CHFS) data and a semi-parametric ordered probit estimation method are used empirical tests. The results indicate that consumers with online consumption experience are very likely to consume again. The scale of online consumption not only drives the increase of overall consumption, but also promotes the growth of offline consumption via capital effect, complementarity effect, and psychologic effect. In general, online consumption and offline consumption have achieved integrated development.
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