Periodontitis is an infectious inflammatory disease that results in attachment loss and bone loss. Regeneration of the periodontal tissues entails de novo formation of cementum, periodontal ligament, and alveolar bone. Several different approaches are currently being explored to achieve complete, reliable, and reproducible regeneration of periodontal tissues. The therapeutic management of new bone formation is one of the key issues in successful periodontal regeneration. Bone morphogenetic proteins form a unique group of proteins within the transforming growth factor superfamily of genes and have a vital role in the regulation in the bone induction and maintenance. The activity of bone morphogenetic proteins was first identified in the 1960s, but the proteins responsible for bone induction were unknown until the purification and cloning of human bone morphogenetic proteins in the 1980s, because of their osteoinductive potential. Bone morphogenetic proteins have gained a lot of interest as therapeutic agents for treating periodontal defects. A systematic search for data related to the use of bone morphogenetic proteins for the regeneration of periodontal defects was performed to recognize studies on animals and human (PUBMED, MEDLINE, COCHRANE, and Google search). All the studies included showed noticeable regeneration of periodontal tissues with the use of BMP.

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Introduction: Drug Induced Gingival Overgrowth (DIGO) is caused due to prolonged use of anti-convulsants, immunosuppressant, and calcium channel blockers given for non dental purpose. It affects the maintenance of oral hygiene and may cause speech, mastication, tooth eruption and aesthetic problems. General physicians can play a key role as they can inform the patient about gingival overgrowth as an adverse effect of these drugs. Aim: To evaluate the awareness regarding drug induced gingival overgrowth and to know the impact of educational qualification on their awareness among physicians. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted from January 2019 to June 2019 in Latur district of Maharashtra, India. A total of 196 practicing physicians were approached with self-structured questionnaire and answers were collected in the presence of the investigator. Survey responses were divided into two groups based on educational qualification as group A: physicians educationally qualified to practice Allopathy, group B: physicians educationally qualified to practice alternative medicine (Ayurveda, Homeopathy etc.,). Comparison of responses for qualitative variables was carried among groups using Chi square test with p-value set as p<0.05 significant. Results: Total 167 (85.20%) general physicians responded willingly and completed the questionnaire. A total of 129 participants were male, and 38 were female, with age ranging from 27 to 61 years. Among total 88.62%, 34.73%, 43.11% of the physicians knew about adverse effect of antiepileptic, antihypertensive, immunosuppressant drug as gingival overgrowth respectively. Around 50.89% physicians’ check the gingival status of their patients and 21.56% refer their patients to dental practitioners for signs and treatment of gingival overgrowth. Overall, 77.25% of participants said that surgical excision with drug substitution should be the line of treatment for these cases. Statistically significant difference was seen on comparative analysis of responses between group A and group B (p<0.05). Conclusion: The findings of the present study showed that even though physicians know about drug induced gingival overgrowth they were unable to mention the accountable drug. Only few of them check gingival status of patients taking these drugs during follow up visits and refer such patients to dental practitioners. Although physicians qualified in allopathy have more knowledge about these drugs, their approach towards this condition was somewhat similar to the physicians qualified in alternative medicine.

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