Cyperus scariosus R.Br. (Nagarmotha) is pestiferous perennial, delicate slender sedge found wildly in various parts of the country, especially in damp or marshy areas and collected wildly for extraction of its essential oil using steam distillation. The rhizomes of C. scariosus possess pleasant aromatic odour, the essential oil is used as anti-inflammatory, anti-microbial and anti-fungal agent and it is also used as one of the ingredients in several formulations for the Ayurvedic systems of medicine. Phytochemical studies have shown that the major chemical components of this herb are polyphenol, flavonol, glycoside, alkaloid, saponins, sesquiterpenoids and essential oil. Rhizome of the plant is used in fever, arthritis, diuretic, nervine tonic, treatment of diarrhea and dysentery, leprosy, bronchitis, amenorrhea and blood disorders. The fruits of the plant are used as carminative, diuretic tonic and have stomachic. The details of plant and its essential oil, chemical constituents and biological activities have been described in this review.

Monoterpenes, a class of isoprenoid compounds, are extensively used in flavor, fragrance, perfumery, and cosmetics. They display many astonishing bioactive properties of biological and pharmacological significance. All monoterpenes are derived from universal precursor geranyl diphosphate. The demand for new monoterpenoids has been increasing in flavor, fragrances, perfumery, and pharmaceuticals. Chemical methods, which are harmful for human and the environment, synthesize most of these products. Over the years, researchers have developed alternative methods for the production of newer monoterpenoids. Microbial biotransformation is one of them, which relied on microbes and their enzymes. It has produced many new desirable commercially important monoterpenoids. A growing number of reports reflect an ever-expanding scope of microbial biotransformation in food and aroma industries. Simultaneously, our knowledge of the enzymology of monoterpene biosynthetic pathways has been increasing, which facilitated the biotransformation of monoterpenes. In this article, we have covered the progress made on microbial biotransformation of commercial monoterpenes with a brief introduction to their biosynthesis. We have collected several reports from authentic web sources, including Google Scholar, Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus published in the past few years to extract information on the topic.

No abstract

No abstract

No abstract