The major purpose of this study is to investigate the role of parents in shaping students' behavior in Azena primary school (primary first cycle (Grade 1-4) and primary second cycle (Grade 5-8)). The study was descriptive in nature. 40 teachers were selected through census survey method for questionnaire and 10 parents were selected for key informant interview purposively. The collec ted data were analyzed and interpreted using simple descriptive statistical tools, frequency and percentage. This study reveals that the c ontribution of parents in improving student school behavior is low due to lac k of proper training strategies and poor home -school interac tion. This study indicates that improper rule and regulations, negative relationship between student and teac her, lack of continuous monitoring and evaluation of school administrators, poor teaching method, inadequate school fac ilities, unusual monitoring of parents, and the school administrators are c auses of indiscipline. The result found that giving rewards and praises for students behaving well and involving parents are more effective in producing desirable behavior in the school. Besides, the involvement of students in the formulation of school disciplinary policy has been viewed as a good strategy, which most likely c an influence them into ac cepting and showing commitment towards it. Therefore, this study recommends that parents and all school staffs should work together so as to minimize the disciplinary problems of students and to foster the role of parents. © IJERE. All rights reserved

No abstract

No abstract

The government of Ethiopia introduced environmental impact assessment (EIA) by proclamation in 2002. The overall objective of this study is to critically and qualitatively assess the implementation of that proclamation, considering the level of public participation and the adequacy and effectiveness of legally established laws in the EIA process. This study revealed that the role of public participation in the entire EIA stages is weak. The study also identified that both the legal and institutional frameworks have remained inadequate to ensure full effectiveness of the EIA system. Moreover, this study describes the existence of weak coordination among or between federal, regional, zonal and other sectoral units. Hence, this study recommends that its effective implementation necessarily requires involvement of the public and the issuance of more specific subsidiary instruments.

In this 21st century, collaborative governance has got a great attention to resolve socio-economic problems and assure sustainable development goals. It is a new form of governance in which multi-stakeholders, such as the public agencies, private sectors, civil society organizations and international public organizations are working together to build trust in government, resolve societal challenges, assure economic prosperity and development, and bring institutional transformation. This book chapter describes the theoretical and conceptual perspectives of collaborative governance. The author believed that giving some insights on the collaborative governance; conceptual understanding, the dynamics and importance of collaborative governance for building the smart cities, its nexus with development, and measurement parameters for checking its effectiveness, could produce a theoretical and conceptual asset for the other authors who want to make an in-depth investigation on the areas of governance.