Summary Background Alopecia areata (AA) is a relatively common dermatosis with the sudden burst of hair loss on the scalp and other hair‐bearing regions. However, because of high relapse and side effects, no satisfactory therapy has been widely accepted. Objective To observe the efficiency and safety of the combination therapy of a nonablative fractional (NAF) laser and topical minoxidil for AA. Methods Eight Chinese AA patients were included in this study. These patients received 10 treatments every two weeks. At every time, the subject was given 10 to 15 mJ of energy with a total intensity of 300 spots/cm2. After the laser treatment, a topical 5% minoxidil tincture was immediately applied twice daily and continued until the final laser treatment. Results Hair regrowth was observed 1‐2 months after treatment. There was complete regrowth in 2 patients, and the lesions of 2 children with alopecia universalis were covered with 30% and 50% regrowth, respectively. All patients except 1 had no relapse at the 1‐year follow‐up examination. Conclusion The combination of nonablative laser and topical minoxidil may be a good alternative therapy for AA patients, including alopecia totalis and alopecia universalis, without systemic and local side effects.

No abstract

Considering the importance of high‐performance composite phase change materials (PCMs) for the realization of efficient thermal energy storage, molecular dynamics simulations were conducted in this study to investigate the thermal properties of graphene/palmitic acid composites and the related interfacial thermal transport. The effects of the interactions between functionalized graphene and fatty acids on the thermal transport properties needs to be investigated further. The addition of functionalized graphene (with epoxy, hydroxyl, and carboxyl groups) increased the phase transition temperature and decreased the specific heat capacity of the PCM, whereas both of these parameters increased with increasing functional group coverage (FGC). Further the effects of the FGC and functional group type on the interfacial thermal resistance (ITR) were investigated by analyzing the interaction energy and vibrational density of states, and the ITR decreased with increasing FGC. Compared to that of pure PA, the phase‐transition temperatures of the PA/pristine graphene composites were higher by ~7 K. The ability of functional groups to decrease the ITR decreased in the order of epoxy < hydroxyl < carboxyl at a constant FGC of 10.12%, with the ITR decreasing by 31.26%, 44.77%, and 56.41%, respectively. The obtained insights are expected to facilitate the design of high‐performance energy storage systems based on composites of fatty acids as PCMs. Highlights Thermal transport in functionalized graphene/palmitic acid composites is studied. Effects of functional group type/coverage on composite thermal properties are probed. Molecular dynamics simulations are used for thermal property analysis. The obtained insights promote the design of high‐performance phase‐change materials.

No abstract

Aiming at various potential risks in the electricity market, this paper establishes a risk assessment index system for the electricity market from four dimensions of structural risk, operation risk, fairness risk, and behavioral risk. The analytic hierarchy process is used to determine the subjective weight of risk evaluation indicators, and the entropy method is used to determine the objective Weight, according to the least squares optimization idea to get the comprehensive weight. Then, the basic theory and calculation method of cloud model are introduced, and the standard cloud of risk level evaluation is constructed. Finally, the analysis of a calculation example shows that the risk evaluation level of the selected regional electricity market is moderate, which verifies the validity and feasibility of the model proposed.