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Brain death (BD) is associated with a systemic inflammation leading to worse graft outcomes. This study aimed to compare plasma cytokine values between brain-dead and critically ill patients, including septic and non-septic controls, and evaluate cytokine release kinetics in BD. Sixteen brain-dead and 32 control patients (16 with and 16 without sepsis) were included. Plasma cytokines were measured by magnetic bead assay after the first clinical exam consistent with BD and every 6 hours thereafter, and at the time of study entry in the control group. The values for IL-8 and IFN-γ were higher in brain-dead and septic patients than in non-septic patients [IL-8: 80.3 (18.7–169.6) vs. 68.2 (22.4–359.4) vs. 16.4 (9.2–42.7) pg/mL; P = 0.006; IFN-γ: 2.8 (1.6-6.1) vs. 3.4 (1.2–9.0) vs. 0.5 (0.5–1.8) pg/mL; P = 0.012]. TNF showed a clear tendency to increase in brain-dead patients [2.7 (1.0–4.8) vs. 1.0 (1.0–5.6) vs. 1.0 (1.0–1.0) pg/mL; P = 0.051], and IL-6 values were higher in brain-dead patients than in non-septic controls [174.5 (104.9–692.5) vs. 13.2 (7.3–38.6) pg/mL; P = 0.002]. These differences remained even after excluding brain-dead patients who also had sepsis (n = 3). IL-1β and IL-10 values increased from baseline to time point 2 (∼6 hours later) [IL-1β: 5.39 (1.93–16.89) vs. 7.11 (1.93–29.13) pg/mL; P = 0.012; IL-10: 8.78 (3.62–16.49) vs. 15.73 (5.49–23.98) pg/mL; P = 0.009]. BD-induced and sepsis-induced plasma cytokine values were similarly high, and both were higher than the observed in non-septic critically ill patients.

BACKGROUND: Skin cancer is the most common neoplasm in Brazil, with increasing incidence in recent decades. Data on the incidence of squamous cell carcinoma are scarce in southern Santa Catarina. OBJECTIVE: To establish epidemiological data on squamous cell carcinoma in Tubarão, State of Santa Catarina. METHODS: A cross-sectional review was conducted on anatomical pathology reports, positive for squamous cell carcinoma of the skin, found in the local laboratories. A convenience sampling method was used for data collection, since all the pathology reports from the local laboratories between 1999 and 2009 were included. The collected variables included year of diagnosis, age, gender, city of origin, tumor site, histological type and subtype, lesion size, margin involvement and relapse. RESULTS: In total, 1,437 case reports were identified, most frequently in individuals between 70 and 79 years old. Patient morbidity was 69.5 per 100,000 population for the year 1999, and 136.7 per 100,000 population for the year 2009, which represents a 50 percent increase. The face was the most affected area and the most common histological subtype was the well-differentiated tumor. CONCLUSION: There were 1,437 reports of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin between 1999 and 2009, with a significant increase in patient morbidity. There was an association between male gender and location on the lip and ear, and between females and the occurrence of squamous cell carcinoma of the skin on the nose, and upper and lower limbs. There was a prevalence of margin involvement after resection in 18% of lesions.

FUNDAMENTOS: O câncer da pele é frequente no Brasil, com incidência crescente. Na Região Sul de Santa Catarina não existem dados da incidência de carcinoma basocelular. OBJETIVO: Estabelecer dados do carcinoma basocelular em Tubarão (SC) entre 1999 e 2008. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com revisão dos laudos anatomopatológicos de carcinoma basocelular dos laboratórios de Tubarão (SC), com coleta das variáveis de interesse: ano do diagnóstico, idade, gênero, cidade de origem, local da lesão, subtipo histológico, diâmetro da lesão, comprometimento de margem e ocorrência de recidiva. RESULTADOS: Identificaram-se 3.253 laudos de carcinoma basocelular, com maior frequência na faixa etária entre 61 e 80 anos. Calculou-se o coeficiente de incidência para carcinoma basocelular de 164,5 em 1999 e 295,2 em 2008 para cada 100 mil habitantes, acarretando aumento de 80%. A região cefálica foi a mais acometida e o subtipo histológico mais comum foi o nodular. Houve associação entre gênero masculino e a localização em tronco e orelha, e entre gênero feminino e ocorrência de carcinoma basocelular no nariz. O subtipo esclerodermiforme foi o mais agressivo em relação ao comprometimento de margens. CONCLUSÃO: Do total de casos de carcinoma basocelular, houve prevalência de margens comprometidas após ressecção em 27% das lesões. Após análise multivariada, as lesões de 2cm ou mais apresentaram probabilidade 5,5 vezes maior de comprometimento de margens, ao passo que a localização em face indicou probabilidade 1,8 vez maior (p<0,0001).

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