ObjectivePrivate practitioner’s (PPs) collaboration for detection, diagnosis and treatment of tuberculosis (TB) is recommended by the World Health Organization and encouraged by the Indonesian National TB control programme. TB case management by PPs, however, are mostly not in line with current guidelines. Therefore, we developed an intervention package for PPs comprising of TB training, implementation of a mobile phone application for notification of TB cases and a 6-month regular follow-up with PPs. This study aimed to evaluate the feasibility of the intervention package to increase TB case detection and notification rates among PPs in five community health centre areas in Bandung City, Indonesia.ResultsA total of 87 PPs were registered within the study area of whom 17 attended the training and 12 had the mobile phone application successfully installed. The remaining five PPs had phones that did not support the application. During the follow-up period, five PPs registered patients with TB symptoms and cases into the application. A total of 36 patients with TB symptoms were identified and 17 were confirmed TB positive.

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Information hiding of data in an audio file is an important thing that the media can be recognized by its ownership. The hidden information would be the important information which describes the copyright of the audio file. In this research, the binary data is inserted or hidden into the audio file by multicarrier modulation technique data hiding. The encoded binary data is modulated by multicarrier frequencies before embedding into the host audio. Data hiding capacity with this technique can achieve up to 40 bits per second in file mode with good audio imperceptibility. It also achieves perfect robustness for type of attack noise addition, linear speed change, multi band equalization, and echo addition. And this technique is still acceptable for type of attack, such as resampling attack, MP3 compression attack and filtering attack for cut off frequency more than 10 kHz regarding to the BER less than 10%. IntroductionMulticarrier modulation is a technique to modulate a baseband signal into several subcarrier at different frequencies in the same time. Prasad [1] said that OFDM basic principle is to split datastream into lower datastream transmitting simultaneously over several subcarriers. This principle is also called multicarrier modulation. The research about multicarrier modulation technique has been previously published on many papers and books. Nicola Marchetti [2] said that OFDM promises high data rate capability and uses available spectrum efficiently, which is a main reason OFDM was accepted by present telecommunication generation system. Data hiding by the OFDM method was already presented by Somnath [3]. His research is about hiding the grayscale image in OFDM signal where the image is read pixel by pixel and then converted the binary data into a complex number format and inserted the number via Quantized Index Modulation. In [4] Amirtharajan presented the paper describing the multicarrier steganography. He presented the image hiding by Spread Spectrum method combined with the Modulated Multicarrier signal in orthogonal radio frequency, but the robustness and imperceptibility were not explained.Shishkin [5] presented audio watermarking for Electronic Radiotelephone Identification in OFDM-based. He used Quantization Index Modulation as embedding method in frequency domain, but he didn't describe the imperceptibility and robustness. Garcia-Hernandez [6] proposed a high payload data-hiding scheme for audio signals in OFDM-based. The method which he used was to change the phase component of audio signal via a reduced-arc of M-order Phase Shift Keying (MPSK). It was modulated on selected frequency of the audio signals, however he only described the imperceptibility and capacity. The robustness was not described clearly.In this paper, we propose audio watermarking by multicarrier modulation method which the subcarrier signal are not orthogonal. This multicarrier watermarking is a watermarking process in which the hidden data is modulated by multicarrier by many frequencies from 0 to 22 kHz. The process of wat...

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