Th e paper is an overview of the participation of the northern indigenous peoples in the public management of the Arctic territories in Russia. Diff erent forms of participation are described, and most attention is paid to the co-management of the governments and the indigenous peoples when their mutual aim is protecting the Arctic and its natural landscapes in the period of extensive industrial development.Th e principle objective of the paper is to analyze the international and national legal regulations and to show some eff ective legal mechanisms through which participation can be developed in Russia.Th e authors study defi nitions of participation, the main international principles of participation and give a deep analysis of the legislation of the Russian Federation, which provides the framework for indigenous participation. Much attention is paid to the legislation of the federative regions of Russia which are inhabited by the northern indigenous peoples. Mostly the authors study the example of the Yamalo-Nenets Autonomous Area, the Arctic area of Russia with the biggest gas reserves, inhabited by the Nenets.Th e fi rst conclusion made in the paper is that the Arctic countries must not only prioritize the exploitation of rich Arctic resources, but also be aware that the Arctic is primarily the home and the area of the traditional lifestyle and occupations of the northern indigenous peoples who have lived there for a long time. Th e northern indigenous peoples are interested in cooperation with the governments according to their traditional values and knowledge; they want to be involved in the decision-making process and management of their territories and resources. Th e second conclusion is that a patchwork of federal laws regulating indigenous issues in Russia does not grant any special rights that let the northern indigenous peoples participate in the decision-making process concerning the lands and resources in the Arctic areas. Th e federal government mostly implements the concept of paternalism but not the concept of participation. Th e federative regions in their regulations provide considerably more opportunities for participation. However, the regions are quite restricted by the federal legislation. Th e regulations are fragmentary on both the federal and the regional levels, there is no system of public authorities providing for consultation, cooperation, agreements and other forms of indigenous participation. Moreover, in Russia there is very little experience in the realization of the participation of the Arctic territories and resources.Th e third, and most important, conclusion is that participation in the management of the Arctic territories should become a new element of the Russian Arctic policy. From this perspective it is necessary to ratify and sign two international documents -Indigenous and Tribal Peoples Convention No. 169 and the United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples -and to incorporate the basic principles of participation into the Russian federal ...
The author of the article considers election observation as a form of public control provided by civil society to contribute to election legitimacy and to strengthen voters’ confidence in the election results as well as in the legality of the legislative branch. The article analyzes the practice of video broadcasting of voting process, the cases of public observation done by public chambers at the elections to the State Duma in 2021. The conclusion is made about the need to improve the legal regulation of public control at elections. The author proposes to appoint election observers in places of detention with this right to be realized by civic monitoring commissions. Since elections are a form of democracy, it is important to expand the possibility of public control in the federal legislation not only over the vote, but also at the previous stages of the electoral process federal legislation
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