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Determination of the optimum concentrations of a specific mutagen for crop improvement has always been a challenge. The present study assessed the mutagenic effect of Ethyl methanesulphonate (EMS) concentrations on growth, yield and nutrient composition of Arachis hypogea (Samnut 24 vr.). Seeds treated with varying concentrations (0.00, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25 % v/v) of EMS for 12 hours were sown in randomized complete block design with three replicates. Alkylating effects of the EMS was studied on growth and yield parameters while nutritional quality was determined by proximate analysis at M and M generations.1 2Concentrations of 0.75% and 1.00% increased growth, biological yield and seed related parameters significantly (at P< 0.05). Maturity time was significantly shortened by EMS application across the generations. Higher percentage seed crude fat and protein were induced by the treatments with the optimal performance at 0.75-1.00% concentrations. Mineral content indicated by the percentage ash was marginally increased. The trend in response to the EMS was similar across the generations, however, decreased vigour, reduced growth, less nut and biological yields were observed at M . In most traits evaluated, performance of 0.00, 0.25 and 0.50% 2 treatments were similar, 0.75-1.00% treatments were optimal while 1.25% v/v of EMS was detrimental. Correlation analysis revealed poor linkage of characters in the groundnut; nevertheless, positive significant associations exist between number of leaves and branches, pod length and seed number, seed dimension (length and circumference) and seed weight. The study concluded that since groundnut is basically cultivated for biomass yield a well as source of plant vegetable oil and fat, EMS application at optimal concentration could be used for the crop improvement.ABSTRACT 309 https://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ijs.v21i2.5

In the present study, an attempt has been made to explore the potential of natural colourants and its application in the textile industry. Natural colorants extracted from the sepals of Mussaenda hybrid, fruits of Carissa carandas and Syzygium cumini were applied on cotton, silk and polyester yarns accompanied with mordants (Alum, Acetic acid, Copper sulphate and Lemon juice) and without mordant, using an aqueous method. UV-Vis spectra of different natural dyes were determined. Percent absorption, colour co-ordinates values (CIELab), colour strength (K/S) values and fastness properties of the selected dyed yarns were tested.Different shades of yellow, pink and purple were obtained from the aqueous extracts of Mussaenda hybrid, Carissa carandas and Syzygium cumini. K/S values were enhanced with the addition of mordants. Fastness results of the selected dyed yarns showed good grades.The present study demonstrated that the above plants could be a promising source of natural colourants.

This paper describes the customization, development and porting of Linux on Freescale processor platform P2041RDB and implementation of Layer 3 protocols and features for this platform. In addition to the basic Layer 3 features, routing protocols such as OSFP and QOS are being analyzed, implemented and tested. P2041 processors are modern, multi-core, PowerPC based SoCs, which feature a number of specifically designed peripherals, addressed for high performance networking devices, which are becoming a trend in modern communication infrastructure. So here we are test the Layer 3 functions and protocols on P2041 based board by using the hardware support.

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