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Riddington G., Gibson H. and Anderson J. (2006) Comparison of gravity model, survey and location quotient-based local area tables and multipliers, Regional Studies 40, 1-13. Regional economic impact assessment requires relevant local area multipliers. The best approach is to establish a local input-output table, which is a time-consuming, data-exhaustive process. Some authors have instead used national tables or national tables modified to reflect regional specializations. The apparent limitations of these approaches led to the development of a gravity model-based method for estimating local trade and input-output tables. A description of this model is the main focus of the first part of this paper. Whilst this approach appeared to produce reasonable results, it was unclear how significantly the outcomes differed from tables produced by survey or utilizing national and location quotient-based tables. A comparison of these for the Moray, Badenoch and Strathspey Enterprise Area in Scotland is the main subject of the second half of the paper. The results confirm earlier findings that the national or location quotient approaches may produce misleading results. The gravity model-based approach, on the other hand, produces similar results to the survey and has the added advantage of being comprehensive and compatible with the other 40 plus tables produced for other areas of Scotland. It is suggested, therefore, that this approach be utilized and extended. Riddington G., Gibson H. et Anderson J. (2006) Une comparaison des tableaux et des multiplicateurs locaux construits a partir des modeles de gravite, des enquetes et des quotients de localisation, Regional Studies 40, 1-13. Une etude de l'impact economique regional necessite des multiplicateurs locaux pertinents. La meilleure approche serait la construction d'un tableau d'echanges inter-industriels, un processus qui prend du temps et qui s'avere statistiquement tres detaille. Certains chercheurs ont plutot employe des tableaux nationaux ou des tableaux nationaux modifies afin de tenir compte des specialisations regionales. Les limites evidentes de ces approches ont amene au developpement d'une approche fondee sur un modele de gravite qui estime des tableaux relatifs au commerce local et aux echanges inter-industriels. Dans un premier temps, alors, cet article porte principalement sur une description de ce modele. Alors que cette approche semblait fournir des resultats raisonnables, il n'etait pas tout a fait evident dans quelle mesure les resultats variaient de ceux des tableaux construits a partir des enquetes ou des quotients nationaux et de localisation. Dans un deuxieme temps, alors, cet article porte sur une comparaison de ces dernieres approches pour la zone d'entreprise de Moray, Badenoch et Strathspey. Les resultats confirment les conclusions anterieures: il se peut que les approches fondees sur les quotients nationaux et de localisation fournissent des resultats trompeurs. D'autre part, l'approche fondee sur un modele de gravite fournit des resultats similair...

The paper identifies the need to model the skier's choice of centre and the basic ideas underlying discrete choice models and their estimation. It then identifies data requirements and sources, the final choice of specification and the estimated parameters of the resultant nested multinomial logit model. The results indicate two quite distinct markets. For day-trippers snow cover, cost, and, to a lesser extent, the journey length, were the critical factors. For those staying overnight the key determinant in this market seems to be accommodation. Interestingly centres which for the day-tripper are competitors, become, for the overnight customer, complementary.

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The impact of wind farms on the environment and subsequently on tourism is the subject of much heated debate. The research was concerned with making a robust quantitative assessment of the economic impact, to help resolve the debate and inform government policy on planning for renewable energy. In addition to a broad description of the intercept surveys and the advanced local economic models used to ascertain impact, the research details two novel elements; a Geographic Information Systems (GIS) model for the analysis of the number of tourists and bed spaces exposed to wind farms and a large internet-based survey of the willingness to pay for landscape. The research found a very small but signifi cant negative economic impact and, on the basis of the survey information, suggests ways of minimising this impact. Both GIS modelling and internet surveying were found to be extremely useful and, it is suggested, both should become standard tools for the tourism researcher. Copyright