Hospitalized HFmrEF patients represent a demographically and clinically diverse group with many intermediate features compared to HFrEF and HFpEF and carry a lower risk of short-term mortality than HFrEF but a similar risk with HFpEF.

SND is not an uncommon finding in subjects with type 1 ECG pattern of BS. The occurrence of SND in relatively young patients may deserve meticulous investigation including sodium channel blocking test.

Acute heart failure (AHF) in the elderly is becoming an increasingly common clinical problem, associated with very high in-hospital and long-term mortality rates. Elderly AHF patients, as opposed to younger ones, may have a different demographic, pathophysiological, clinical, and prognostic profile, and therefore, some carefully considered therapeutic adjustments may be warranted for their treatment. Patients with older age, shock, diabetes, renal failure, infection, confusion, and severe non-cardiac comorbidities may be at the highest mortality risk.Answer questions and earn CME: https://wileyhealthlearning.com/Activity2/ 5608945/Activity.aspx

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