The formation of siliceous phases in montmorillonites at temperatures up to 1500~ has been studied by high temperature continuous x-ray diffraction techniques. Oriented clay aggregates on platinum slides are heated in a small platinum-wire resistor furnace placed on an x-ray spectrometer unit. The intensity of the main diffraction lines of each phase is noted versus the temperature. The nature and the temperature of formation of the different phases are closely related to the structure and composition of the sample. The important role of some cations in exchange position is emphasized.
Dans la région de Thiès, les phosphates tricalciques et les phosphates alumino-calciques sont liés à d'importantes formations argileuses qui constituent un ensemble exceptionnel par leur puissance, leur variété et par les relations qu'elles présentent entre elles.
En s'aidant des diverses techniques pétrographiques, des rayons X et de la microscopie électronique, on a distingué et décrit des palygorskites, des montmorillonites sédimentaires, des montmorillonites formées par altération sur places de brèches basaltiques, des kaolinites résultant de l'épigénie des montmorillonites sédimentaires et, enfin, des kaolinites de néogénèse dans des fissures.
Le processus du passage des minéraux du basalte aux montmorillonites et de ces argiles aux kaolinites fait, en particulier, l'objet d'une étude détaillée.
SummaryThe water vapour released upon heating the specimen is driven through a water absorber. The intensity of the exothermic reaction produced by absorption of the water is recorded against the temperature of the specimen. A series of curves obtained with various clay minerals are presented to illustrate the method. The significance of results in the identification of the clay minerals and the determination of their structure is considered.
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