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The authors propose a coordinated multi-cell beamforming technique for signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) balancing under multiple base station power constraints. Instead of balancing SINR of all users in all cells to the same level, the authors' propose a new approach to balance SINR of users in various cells to different maximum possible values. This has the ability to allow users in cells with relatively more transmit power or better channel condition to achieve a higher balanced SINR than that achieved by users in the worst-case cells. This multi-level SINR balancing problem is solved using SINR constraints based SINR balancing criterion and subgradient method. The simulation results support the optimality of the results through comparison with semi-definite programming-based optimisation

We propose a two stage beamforming technique for localisation of moving target in a passive radar environment. In order to perform localization and tracking in Cartesian plane, in addition to detection in the range Doppler domain, it is necessary to have angle of arrival of target return, which is obtained using beamforming. The beamforming technique can also enhance signal to disturbance ratio. However, performing constant false alarm rate detection (CFAR) in this case requires storing beamformer output statistics for every range-Doppler-azimuth bin which significantly burdens the system and hinders the real time processing and tracking of moving targets. Using experimental measurements, we demonstrate real time detection and tracking of an airborne target using a two stage beamforming approach, where a smaller set of beams is used in the first stage for CFAR detection and a larger set of beams is used in the second stage for angle of arrival estimation with higher accuracy

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We investigate the performance of a Bucci based beamformer design and MUSIC algorithm under a passive radar setup using experimental measurements. A uniformly spaced linearly array of 11 discone antennas was used for the passive radar. The experiment was performed by exploiting the DVB-T broadcasting station as the illuminator of opportunity. In order to suppress the direct reference signal and clutters, the beamforming and MUSIC algorithms have been applied to the range-Doppler processed data; however, challenges remain due to very low SNR. This work proposes spatial smoothing based Bucci algorithm whose angle of arrival estimation performance is comparable to that of the MUSIC algorithm, however, this method does not need the computationally expensive singular value decomposition