Rectal cancer is a pathology that still has a high incidence, mortality and morbidity all around the world. As with other types of neoplasm, researchers all around the world are attempting to find statistically significant linkages between easy and inexpensive hematological parameters and the progression of this disease which is affecting approximately 1.8 million individuals. The present study aims to investigate whether biological parameters measured in rectal cancer patients change significantly with tumor growth. The results show a significant change in WBC (white blood cell counts) (p = 0.002).

The surgical management of breast cancer tumors depends not only on knowing the right histological type of tumor, but also on identifying the grade of axillary node invasion and the presence of metastases. Unfortunately, due to a lack of general understanding of how these tumors actually spread and their path towards axillary lymph nodes, there is a tendency of over or undertreating patients in the surgical environment. Even though we now have the Sentinel Ganglion method to help us, we haven�t decided on a universally accepted algorithm in the management of this disease. Many studies are still needed in order to fully clarify the most appropriate surgical management for each type of tumor and the level of axillary node dissection. Multiple factors should be taken into account when managing the case of a patient suffering from breast cancer and faced with the need of an axillary lymph node dissection (ALND). We have tried to identify some of these factors based on the experience of our clinic and available literature. The factors identified are the positive SLN (Sentinel Lymphatic Node) aspect, the differentiation between micro and macrometastases, the use of the S classification of SLN and microanatomic location of SLN metastases and the microanatomic location (MAL) of the tumor deposit in the sentinel ganglion.

Clostridium difficile (CD) is an anaerobic, gram-positive bacterium that can produce a spectrum of gastrointestinal diseases ranging from pseudomembranous colitis to diarrhea to toxic megacolon. The infection is even more difficult to manage as CD produces high-end spores, suggesting that this may be the cause of the dangerous recurrent disease as well as dissemination among healthy members in the community. Spores can be hosted in the digestive tract of both symptomatic and asymptomatic patients. The most relevant risk factor in the development of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) seems to be the overuse of antimicrobials. Comorbidities are another risk factor that may predispose towards more serious CDI. Treatment options vary from oral antibiotics to extensive surgical interventions. The present study aimed to analyze the prevalence, severity, and management of CDIs in a general surgery department in an effort to determine the correlative elements between the infection and surgical pathology.

Selman Waksman is an important name that introduced for the first time the idea of some natural compounds with visible effects in treatment of diseases called- antibiotics. Its continuous and irrational utilization has been proven to make the body resistant to a future need of the antibiotic administered. This aspect did not stop the studies to shown the importance of this biosynthesized medicines in prophylaxis of surgery. During the years there were identified a lot of these natural compounds with positive results in different types of surgery. The purpose of this article is to bring to attention the evolution of antibiotics during the years, especially in surgery field, how its usage influenced the prophylaxis and which are the main principles to be respected in administration of antibiotics.

Alcohol consumption alters one’s consciousness and may lead to accidents and traumatic events with deadly consequences. We aimed to analyze the most recent information available in WHO databases about overall mortality rates and alcohol consumption in European countries. The parameters taken into account were the total number of deaths by trauma, alcohol consumption per capita, prevalence of heavy drinking episodes and national legal blood alcohol concentration while drinking The mortality rate by trauma is influenced by many factors and alcohol intoxication could be one of them. Our analysis shows a moderate correlation between overall alchool consumption and death by trauma in Europe in 2015. There are studies who show a positive effect of alcohol consmption on the overall chance of survival after trauma. Chronic consumption is associated with an increase in mortality. Nonetheless, further research is needed and strongly encouraged.