Fluid film thrust bearings are commonly used in industry, providing durable and reliable operation at high values of load carrying capacity, accompanied by low friction losses. A major advantage of hydrodynamic fluid film bearings, over other types of bearings, is their enhanced dynamic behaviour, especially under transient or impact loads. Currently, a systematic approach to identify the dynamic coefficients of thrust bearing geometrical configurations utilising high complexity CFD simulation data has not yet been established. It is therefore imperative to develop a method, capable of evaluating the dynamic characteristics of complex bearing designs and allow the evaluation of bearing response under transient loads. In the present work, a computational approach is proposed to estimate the stiffness and damping coefficients of fluid-film thrust bearings. A CFD-based ThermoHydroDynamic (THD) numerical model of the bearing is developed and utilised for performing an initial steady-state simulation at given rotational speed and thrust load, as well as subsequent transient simulations at increasing or decreasing thrust loads. The former simulation is used to calculate the stiffness coefficient of the bearing at the specified conditions, while the latter are appropriately post-processed to estimate the damping coefficient of the bearing at different values of rotor acceleration. The procedure is repeated at different operating conditions, yielding a map of the dynamic coefficients of the bearing. Finally, a single degree of freedom model is generated, which utilises the calculated values of dynamic coefficients to evaluate transient bearing performance under any given thrust load history. The proposed methodology is applied to compare the dynamic response characteristics of a conventional sector-pad tapered-land thrust bearing and a textured tapered-land thrust bearing of the same principal dimensions.