Background/Aim: Recently, indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence imaging has been used for the identification of the parathyroid glands (PG) during thyroid and parathyroid surgery. However, an overall consensus on the optimal technique, the dosage, the timing of the ICG administration and finally its interpretation and clinical usefulness is still lacking evidence. The aim of this review is to investigate the use of ICG angiography during thyroidectomy and/or parathyroidectomy for identification as well as for the perfusion integrity of the parathyroid glands. Materials and Methods: The PubMed database was systematically searched for publications regarding intraoperative ICG imaging in patients that undergo thyroidectomy or parathyroidectomy. Results: Eighteen publications reporting on 612 patients, namely 71 parathyroidectomy and 541 thyroidectomy patients met the inclusion criteria. Eleven publications reported the use of ICG 23 This article is freely accessible online.