SummaryLandscape planning lacked an evidence-based method for the reflection of planning models on the imaginary level in order to present the image content and the relationships in the image as the basis for interpretation in a verifiable manner. The contribution is based on the thesis that the perceptual analysis according to Rudolf Arnheim can be translated into landscape planning.The case study, here an illustration with two plan sketches for urban and landscape development, is described and interpreted with the Gestalt theoretical perceptual analysis according to the criteria theme, theses, principle sketches and composition lines, interpretation, conclusion and Gestalt theoretical results. The analysed planning sketches have a low “reality level” and are part of the imaginary level. The theory of science contained therein can be understood by Gestalt theory as elementary theory of design. In the sketches, the living spaces and economic areas of the city are divided into the elements ‘settlement’ and ‘landscape’ and thereby undergo a revaluation of their significance. The replacement of figure (city) and ground (landscape) can be interpreted in terms of gestalt theory as a change of theme in the sketches as the greatest possible structural exchange. The results of the analysis are processed as research theses in the contextualisation of landscape planning and thus examined scientifically on the basis of circumstantial evidence against the reality of the living environments of the urban dwellers. The contribution proves that the perceptual analysis according to R. Arnheim is a suitable method in landscape planning for describing and interpreting graphic representations of planning models. Interdisciplinary cooperation is a contribution to the holistic treatment of a topic, because structuralist landscape planning has structural similarities with Gestalt theory and is committed to the dialogical principle. As a theory of organisation (development), Gestalt theory derives principles, structures, their relationships and qualities and is therefore suitable as a meta-theory of landscape planning to characterise the values and ethical bases in planning. This applies to all areas of the field of consciousness in landscape planning.

Housing plays a central role in everyday life and the fulfillment of human needs. Temporary housing demand can occur due to migration, extreme environmental events or personal decisions, and is expected to increase in the upcoming years. This study aims to create a general understanding of temporary housing. We conducted an integrated comparison of 66 international temporary housing examples via tabulation (table work), in an interdisciplinary manner considering details regarding built structure, open spaces, area, infrastructure, organizational and socio-economic aspects. It is the first time that a systematic comparison via tabulation (based on the approach of Braun-Blanquet) is used to classify temporary housing environments. The process is described in detail. The application of the systematic comparison creates a detailed typology that allows extensions and further differentiations. The types that emerge from the tabulation have specific concepts regarding the structural-spatial organization, technical infrastructure, and organizational matters, among others. The typology was further examined in the context of previous groupings in published literature. This novel approach of analyzing and structuring temporary housing offers a comprehensive perspective that can work as a universal understanding and language for precise communication among different disciplines regarding temporary housing.

Zusammenfassung Gegenstand dieses Beitrags ist das Projekt „Betreutes Wohnen am Bauernhof “, das anhand von sieben Hofwirtschaften im Bezirk Perg in Oberösterreich untersucht wurde. Zwischen 1996 und 1999 wurde ein innovatives Konzept zur Versorgung älterer Menschen auf dem Land von unterschiedlichen Akteuren (Landwirtschaftskammer, Sozialhilfeverband, Bäuerinnen und Bauern) in der Region Strudengau erarbeitet und umgesetzt, unterstützt von einer EU-Förderung. Diese Förderung beinhaltete eine Ausbildung für Bäuerinnen im Bereich der Altenbetreuung und den Ausbau von barrierefreien Wohneinheiten in bestehender Bausubstanz auf bäuerlichen Hofwirtschaften. Eine Analyse, zehn Jahre nach der Umsetzung des Projektes, geht der Frage nach, ob Betreutes Wohnen auf dem Bauernhof eine Perspektive für die soziale Infrastrukturplanung in der Region darstellen kann und welche Strategien und Prinzipien von den bestehenden Beispielen abgeleitet werden können, um ein qualitätsvolles Altern und Betreuen innerhalb der Hofwirtschaften zu ermöglichen.