Os objetivos foram analisar os fatores associados e determinar a taxa de abandono do tratamento da tuberculose pulmonar no Estado do Maranhão, Brasil, de 2001 a 2010. Realizou-se estudo transversal analítico com dados do Sistema de Informações sobre Agravos de Notificação (SINAN), incluídos 2.850 casos novos com baciloscopia positiva que tiveram como situação de encerramento alta por cura ou abandono. As variáveis em estudo foram a faixa etária, sexo, cor, escolaridade em anos de estudo, exame para HIV, alcoolismo, diabetes, doença mental e outras doenças. Para identificar os fatores associados ao abandono, foi utilizado o modelo de regressão logística. Apresentaram-se associados ao abandono a faixa etária de 20-39 anos (OR = 1,51; IC95%: 1,15-1,97; p = 0,002), a escolaridade, 1-8 anos de estudo (OR = 2,05; IC95%: 1,43-2,95; p < 0,001), analfabetismo (OR = 1,64; IC95%: 1,02-2,65; p = 0,041), alcoolismo (OR = 2,53; IC95%: 1,75-3,67; p < 0,001) e doença mental. Foi observada alta taxa de abandono no estado (9,1%), jovens com baixa escolaridade, usuários de álcool e doentes mentais podem estar contribuindo para este aumento.
This study analyzed factors associated with asymptomatic Leishmania chagasi infection in family members and neighbors of patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL). A cross-sectional study was conducted with 361 individuals in the counties comprising Ilha de São Luís (São Luís Island) in Maranhão State, Brazil. The Montenegro skin test (MST) and serology by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were performed to detect infection. Odds ratios (OR) and prevalence ratios (PR) and their 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) were estimated by multilevel logistic regression and Poisson regression, respectively. The rates of positive reactions were 71.3% for MST and 9.7% for ELISA. The variable associated with infection according to MST was living in the same household as the index case (PR = 1.36; 95%CI: 1.03-1.78). According to ELISA, the statistically significant variables were: living in the county of Raposa (OR = 3.56; 95%CI: 1.24-10.19) and living in the same household as the index case (OR = 2.70; 95%CI: 1.19-6.08). Family members of individuals with LV are at increased risk of infection. Priority control measures should target these families.
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