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The incidence of cross-stimulations by natural allergens was investigated using RBL-2H3 cells sensitized with five different mouse monoclonal anti-DNP IgEs and four mercury-induced rat monoclonal IgEs. Cells sensitized with 3 of the 5 monoclonal anti-DNP IgEs (clones SPE-7, SRT-1, LB4) responded by serotonin release upon stimulation by natural allergens such as Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, horse dander and mugwort extracts. Serotonin release could be inhibited by monovalent DNP-lysine, indicating the involvement of DNP-binding sites of IgEs. Two of the clones (LO-DNP-30 and LA2) were negative on all tests with allergens. All but one (Hg32) of the mercury-induced rat IgE monoclonal antibodies tested positive with DNP-BSA, and with at least one of the six allergen extracts. IgE clone Hg12 mediated serotonin release with 5 of the 6 allergens tested.

The types and theories of advance directives in different European countries are reviewed and described. The author carefully compares the legal standing of advance directives in these countries. Since there is no doubt that advance directives in some form will become legal instruments in the EU countries, it is useful to examine how these have worked out so far in some European countries.

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