Rahal LachgarIngénieur météorologique, chef de service du contrôle des prévisions et du suivi des prestations, Direction de la météorologie national (DMN), Casablanca -Maroc Hassan El Hadi IntroductionDans tous les pays de la Méditerranée, situés en zone subtropicale semi-aride, la pluviométrie est le paramètre climatique dominant, étant d'une part, généralement insuffisante, et, d'autre part, beaucoup plus variable que la température. Généralement, le changement climatique entraînera le déplacement des zones climatiques et la modification des régimes pluviométriques (GIEC, 2007). Par ailleurs, durant ces dernières décennies, le prolongement des épisodes secs est devenu une réalité dans cette partie du globe, notamment le Maroc (Sebbar et al., 2011).Certains scénarios des changements planétaires indiquent que l'occurrence et l'impact des sécheresses risquent d'augmenter dans les années à venir (Watson et al., 1997). Dans un tel contexte climatique, il est indispensable de pouvoir analyser les séquences de sécheresse météorologique en vue de proposer aux populations des mesures d'atténuation ou d'adaptation dans le cas échéant. C'est dans ce cadre que la présente étude a été initiée dans le bassin versant d'Oum Er Rbia(Maroc).Cette région est une zone de forte production agricole et elle est sujette depuis plusieurs années à des déficits pluviométriques.Selon une échelle plus large, la variabilité du climat est influencée par les changements de la circulation atmosphérique générale, qui comprend des situations météorologiques à diverses échelles temporelles (Khomssi, 2014): jours (système frontaux) ; semaines (périodes sèches) ; mois (hivers froids) ; années (succession des étés chauds et sécheresse); siècles (fluctuations et changements climatiques).

The late Neoproterozoïc Toubkal inlier (Ancient Massif of the High-Atlas, Morocco) contains two igneous basaltic series (Tircht and Sidi Chamharouch). Investigated rocks display characteristics of within-plate continental tholeiitic and are similar to rocks originated in orogenic contexts. The geochemical results allow the assumption that subduction active processes are indirectly responsible for the genesis of theses rocks. The orogenic signature is linked probably to a Pan-African magmatic source previously metasomatized in the northern margin of the West African Craton.

The minerals in the tailings, subject to the action of water and atmospheric oxygen, can generate Acid Mine Drainage (AMD). The latter is considered the most important environmental issue facing the mining industry. Its environmental impacts include the destruction of the flora and fauna in infected rivers and contamination of groundwater. The abandoned mine site Kettara, located about 32 km northwest of Marrakech (Morocco), chosen as a pilot site for this study, more than 3 million tons of tailings stored at ground level without any concern for their environmental consequences. These solid residues, with high concentrations of heavy metals (As, Pb, Fe, Cu ...), produce leachate very acidic (pH <2.9) may contaminate the water resources of the region. To mitigate the DMA phenomenon in this mining site, different protocols have been proposed using candy sludge (Mud Pulp Sweets: MPS), rich in carbonates from the Moroccan Sugar Company Unit (COSUMAR) and red clays (Clays: CLY) of the city of Safi. Physicochemical characterization and mineralogical of these two materials was performed an provided promising results regarding the effectiveness of the use of alkaline materials in the stabilization of tailings Kettara. European Scientific Journal May 2016 edition vol.12, No.15 ISSN: 1857 -7881 (Print) e -ISSN 1857 322 Indeed, these starting materials are provided with a net neutralizing power which is of the order of 878.5 kg CaCO3 / t for MPS and 299 kg CaCO3 / t for CLY. The valuation of MPS and CLY, as a main component of an alkaline amendment, is likely to significantly reduce the effects of DMA in this semiarid climate mine.

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In this study, we are interested in the evaluation of the department of the Earth Sciences and Universe (Science de la Terre & l'Univers -STU), Faculty of Science Ben MSik, Casablanca, Morocco, through teachers of the department of Geology.The accomplishment of this work passes through an evaluation that was carried out firstly through a satisfaction survey and secondly, a questionnaire containing questions related to the profile of the teachers, program and educational strategies of discipline offering training to the level of Bachelor. We used Sphinx software to analyze the data through the application, namely, flat table, the crossing of the questions and the specifications table. The goal is to evaluate training within the department of STU in quality and quantity. This research allowed us to identify many problems of the students who enrolled in this department.In other words these results are response elements that would help improve the teachinglearning of the STU field.