With all of our present knowledge, high technology diagnostic equipment, electronic databases and other available supporting resources, detection of fetal syndromes is still a challenge for healthcare providers in prenatal as well as in the postnatal period. Prenatal diagnosis of fetal syndromes is not straightforward, and it is a difficult puzzle that needs to be assembled and solved. Detection of one anomaly should always raise a suspicion of the existence of more anomalies, and can be a trigger to investigate further and raise awareness of possible syndromes. Highly specialized software systems for three-and four-dimensional ultrasound (3D/4D US) enabled detailed depiction of fetal anatomy and assessment of the dynamics of fetal structural and functional development in real time. With recent advances in 3D/4D US technology, antenatal diagnosis of fetal anomalies and syndromes shifted from the 2 nd to the 1 st trimester of pregnancy. It is questionable what can and should be done after the prenatal diagnosis of fetal syndrome. The 3D and 4D US techniques improved detection accuracy of fetal abnormalities and syndromes from early pregnancy onwards. It is not easy to make prenatal diagnosis of fetal syndromes, so tools which help like online integrated databases are needed to increase diagnostic precision. The aim of this paper is to present the possibilities of different US techniques in the detection of some fetal syndromes prenatally.

Fetal neurology is an evolving field in prenatal diagnosis and fetal medicine with great interest. The identification and diagnosis of brain damage prenatally has been a great challenge in obstetrics for many years. Investigations of the fetal behavior in comparison with morphological studies led to the conclusion that fetal behavioral patterns directly reflect developmental and maturational processes of fetal central nervous system (CNS). Four-dimensional ultrasound (4D US) has remarkably improved the assessment of the quality of fetal spontaneous movements, and enabled a better evaluation of fetal behavior. The assessment of normal neurobehavioral development by 4D US provided the opportunity to investigate functional characteristics of the fetus that could predict neurological developmental dysfunction. Some studies have already been carried out to evaluate this new methodology in the observation of the fetal behavior during different stages of gestation, in an attempt to better understand the relationships between the maturation of the CNS of the fetus and its implications on its behavior pattern. We present a review of literature on fetal behavior by 4D US. How to cite this article Neto RM, Kurjak A, Porovic S, Stanojevic M, Gaber G. Clinical Study of Fetal Neurobehavior by the Kurjak Antenatal Neurodevelopmental Test. Donald School J Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2017;11(4):355-361.