The study deals with the rights of the prisoner in the Abbasid state. The Abbasid state guaranteed the prisoners their full rights, such as the right to alimony and the provision of healthy food, the right to human dignity, and guaranteed them their religious rights, the right to visit, and also guaranteed them the right to separate men and women and separate patients.  On behalf of others, as I have guaranteed them the right to a fair trial, and also ensured the sanctity of his body after his death, so his body was preserved and buried according to Islamic law.

The Mamluk were a dynasty of soldiers that ruled Egypt, the Levant, Iraq and the Arabian Peninsula more than two and a half centuries, specifically from 1250 to 1517. The Mamluk were slaves of Turkish origin from Central Asia. They established in Egypt and the Levant two consecutive states whose capital was Cairo at the time: The first is the Mamluk maritime state, one of the most prominent sultans is Ezzedine Aybak, Qataz,

Scientific and cultural ties were at the top of the Andalusian concerns in Palestine. During the Abbasid period, the presence of the Andalusians increased in Palestine in general and in Jerusalem, in particular, strengthening the different relations between the Andalusians and the Palestinians happened. Also, many of Andalusian scholars came to Palestine from learning where they heard and narrated Hadith and entered in scientific debates with Palestinian and non-Palestinian scholars. In the light of this context, the current study aimed to investigate the Andalusian role in Palestine during the Abbasid period until the Crusades against Palestine at the end of the 5 th Century AH/11 th Century AD. The study also tackles the role of independent states that ruled during that prominent period of the Palestinian history under the Islamic Era (132 AH / 750 AD to 492 AH / 1099 AD). The study includes two main issues; the first one is about the social concerns of the Andalusian travelers; the second one is about the cultural and intellectual role of the Andalusians in Palestine. The study found that the Andalusians played a key role in the cultural and intellectual aspects in Palestine as many of their scholars came to Palestine for learning and sharing knowledge.