ABSTRACT

Age group classification is a complex task that is used to classify facial images or videos into predetermined age categories. It is an important task due to its numerous applications such as health, security, authentication system, recruitment, and also in intelligent social robots. Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) has recently shown excellent performance in analysing human face images and videos. This paper proposed an age group classification task using CNN that trained and tested with an All-Age Face (AAF) dataset. FaceNet deep learning model that uses CNN was applied in this study to compute a 128-d embedding that quantifies the face of the age group. The experiment included two age groups: Adolescence and Mature Adulthood. The proposed age group classification model achieved 84.90% accuracy for the training images and 85.12% accuracy for the test images. The experimental results showed that CNN is capable of achieving competitive classification accuracy throughout two age groups in the AAF dataset with unbalanced data distribution.

As the concept of waqf is continuously explored worldwide, it becomes a mainstream discipline embedded in most organizations. Waqf governance is important for the development of waqf properties for the sustainability and wealth of the Muslim communities. Most of the literature identified that the management of waqf is under the jurisdiction of the state government. It shows that the management and governance of the Waqf should be improved and become the main concern of the current researchers since the development of waqf has provided significant contributions to the socio-economic of the nation. This paper is aimed to provide a systematic literature review of waqf governance. The studies on the waqf governance were initiated in 2011 and it showed growing trends related to the publications on waqf governance starting 2017. A total of 49 documents published between 2011-2021 were retrieved. 19 related documents are included for further analyses based on the systematic searching strategies process. In this contribution, we propose a systematic literature review by partitioning the literature into papers addressing waqf governance. The waqf governance is vital to ensure that the administrators able to cope with the competitive management so that the properties are managed and developed successfully especially in the post pandemic.

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