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The widespread use of engineered nanomaterials (ENMs) in a variety of technologies and consumer products inevitably causes their release\ud into aquatic environments and final deposition into the oceans. In addition, a growing number of ENM products are being developed specifically for marine\ud applications, such as antifouling coatings and environmental remediation systems, thus increasing the need to address any potential risks for marine\ud organisms and ecosystems. To safeguard the marine environment, major scientific gaps related to assessing and designing ecosafe ENMs need to be filled.\ud In this Nano Focus, we examine key issues related to the state-of-the-art models and analytical tools being developed to understand ecological risksand to design safeguards for marine organisms

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There is chromosomal, primary DNA damage and oxidative DNA damage demonstrable in lymphocytes of patients with untreated PD.