The effectiveness of ego-centered (mving map) and earth-centered (mving plane) displays was studied with subjects monitoring an animated aircraft situational awareness display. Other independent variables were subject experience (aircrew vs non-aircrew) and path complexity (straight vs turning).Periodically, the display blanked and probe questions were asked concerning the relationship of the aircraft to the simulated world. Questions included judgements about angles, distances, time and terrain. Simple paths elicited a 28 percent lower error rate than did complex paths. Wving map displays had a 32 percent lower error rate than moving plane displays. No other significant effects were observed.Subjective ratings by subjects after the experiment revealed unanimus preference for the moving plane display and that the moving plane condition was believed to be easier1 This contradiction indicates subjective data is limited in determining display effectiveness.

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Abstract. This paper explores the functions of a conceptual, future "watch center" whose mission is to support Air Force information assurance requirements. A cognitive systems engineering approach is described through the insertion of multi-sensory, user interface technologies may be accomplished.

Public reporting burden -for this collection of information is estimated to average i hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden, This report is the first step of a program with three explicit goals: (1) to illustrate and test the framework of Cognitive Systems Engineering (CSE) for use in military systems analysis and design; (2) to generate a database that will be useful for designers and managers working on the development of UCAVs for use in the SEAD mission; and (3) to develop interfaces for UCAVs. These goals are tightly coupled in that the usefulness of the database and the ability to develop effective interfaces and user-aiding concepts will be the true test of the CSE framework. The report is most relevant to the second goal. It provides a CSE framework for interpreting and organizing data generated from cognitive task analyses of the SEAD mission. The CSE framework is unique in that it develops a holistic approach to human-socio-technical systems. It explicitly considers factors in design analysis that go beyond the technology boundaries of a system to reveal important constraints for proper consideration in the process of synthesizing a design concept. The report illustrates initial benefits of this form of system analysis. This page intentionally left blank. SUBJECT TERMSu PREFACE This project evolved from a desire to produce an integrated "living" data base that could be used to support decision makers throughout the life cycle of a complex military system. It represents a first step in achieving this goal. The underlying belief is that the quality of design and operational decisions will improve in relation to one's ability to discern and understand the underlying constraints of the work domain in which the system will operate. Constraints come in many forms and from many different sources: physical, physiological, organizational, social, political. Many constraints evolve and change over time as a system is conceived, designed, and fielded; hence the need for a living data base. We believe decision makers need a common foundation from which they can be guided by essential constraints while they make decisions that impose new constraints in system design and use. We speculate that essential constraints are closely connected to the nature of the work and the environmental context in which it is accomplished. However, it is a difficult task to discern and separate "essential" constraints from incidental ones. It is not easy to determine if a constraint is a consequence of old technology, a characteristic of the job problem, or based on a multitude of socio-technical interactions. It is not easy to discover universal principles that can be used to establish primacy among constraints. The research summ...