Akway (Drimys piperita Hook. f) merupakan tumbuhan yang termasuk dalam kelompok tumbuhan berkayu, berdaun tebal aromatik dan termasuk kerabat winteraceae. Tumbuhan ini dimanfaatkan sebagai obat tradisional untuk mengobati malaria dan untuk meningkatkan vitalitas tubuh. Beberapa penelitian kandungan fitokimia ekstrak akway telah dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi bioaktivitas akway. Ekstrak kulit kayu akway dilaporkan mengandung kelompok senyawa alkaloid, saponin, tanin, flavonoid, terpenoid dan glikosida. Minyak atsiri kulit kayu akway mengandung linalool, β-pinen, α-pinen, nerolidol dan terpineol. Senyawa-senyawa tersebut dilaporkan memiliki aktivitas antioksidan yang tinggi. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan kapasitas antioksidan ekstrak kulit kayu akway secara in vitro dan vitamin C sebagai kontrol positif. Pengujian kapasitas antioksidan yang dilakukan meliputi kandungan total fenol dengan metode Folin-Ciocalteu, kandungan flavonoid dengan metode aluminum klorida, kapasitas penangkalan radikal bebas menggunakan metode DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)-radical scavenging assay dan daya reduksi menggunakan metode reduksi Fe+3 menjadi Fe+2. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak metanol memiliki kandungan total fenol dan flavonoid yang tertinggi dibandingkan dengan ekstrak etanol dan etilasetat. Kandungan total fenol dan flavonoid ekstrak metanol masing-masing sebesar 18,22 dan 14,32%. Ekstrak metanol dan vitamin C memiliki kapasitas menangkal radikal bebas DPPH dan daya reduksi yang paling tinggi kemudian diikuti ekstrak etanol dan etilasetat. Kemampuan menangkal radikal bebas ekstrak metanol dan vitamin C pada konsentrasi 200 µg/ml masing-masing sebesar 90% dan 88,31% sedangkan daya reduksi masing-masing sebesar 0,54 dan 0,62. Kesimpulannya, ekstrak metanol memiliki kapasitas antioksidan yang paling tinggi dibandingkan dengan ekstrak etanol dan etilasetat. Abstract Free Radical Scavenging Activity and Reducing Power of Akway (Drimys piperita Hook. f.) Bark ExtractsAkway (Drimys piperita Hook. f) was a woody and aromatic plant of winteraceae. This plant was used as traditional medical plant to heal malaria and to enhance vitality of body. Some studies were done to know bioactivity potency of akway extracts. D. piperita bark extract contains alkaloid, saponin, tanin, flavonoid, terpenoid and glycoside. The bark essential oil of the plant consists of lynalool, β-pinene, α-pinene, nerolidol and terpineol. Those compounds were exhibited high antioxidant activity. The objectives of this research were to determine total phenol and flavonoid of the extracts and its antioxidant capacity which was compared to antioxidant capacity of vitamin C. The assay of antioxidant capacity comprised of total phenol and flavonoid content, free radical scavenging activity, and reducing power. Total phenol and flavonoid was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu and aluminum chloride method, respectively while determination of free radical scavenging activity and reducing power using DPPH-radical scavenging and Fe+3 to Fe+2 reducing power method, respectively. The results indicated that methanol extract had the highest in total phenol and flavonoid content. Total phenol and flavonoid of methanol extract were 18.22% and 14.32%, respectively. Vitamin C and methanol extract had the highest DPPH (1,1-Diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl)-radical scavenging activity and reducing power, respectively. DPPH-radical scavenging activity of methanol extract and vitamin C in concentration of 200 µg/ml were 90% and 88.31%, respectively while its reducing power were 0.54 and 0,62, respectively. As conclusion, methanol extract had the highest antioxidant activity compared with ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts.

Cereals and legumes are very easily damaged by fungi, including toxigenic fungi species such as Aspergillus flavus which can produce aflatoxins. Various methods have been carried out to reduce aflatoxin contamination in foods, including the use of plant extracts based antimicrobial compounds. One of indigenous herbs in Papua that has potency as natural antimicrobial is Kebar grass (Biophytum petersianum Klotszch). The aims of this study were to investigate the chemical composition and the effect of kebar grass stem ethanol extract on the growth of toxigenic A. flavus. Kebar grass stem ethanol extract at concentrations of 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, and 30 mg mL-1 was tested on the growth of A. flavus in two types media i.e. corn based-medium and peanut based-medium. The result showed that kebar grass stem ethanol extract at concentration of 15 mg ml-1 in corn based-medium and peanut based-medium caused 100% growth inhibition of A. flavus. The major compounds in kebar grass stem ethanol extract were: Pyrocatechol, Methylhydrazine hydrochloride, 2-Fluoropropane, Isobutyric acid, 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol. The results obtained from this study suggested that the ethanol extract of the kebar grass stem can be used as a natural antifungal agent to inhibit the growth of aflatoxigenic A. flavus.

Akway ( Hook f.) is a woody, evergreen and aromatic plan that was a member of Winteraceae. This plant is used by Sougb tribe living in Sururey village, District of Manokwari, West Papua to heal malaria and to enhance the vitality of body. The objectives of the research were to determine antibacterial activities of extract of akway bark on some concentrations, heating time on 100 C, level of acidity (pH) and salt content. The extraction process of akway bark was done by using maceration method at room temperature for 72 hours. The extraction was done by using three kinds of solvent, those are ethanol, ethylacetate and hexane. Antibacterial capacity assay was done by using agar diffusion method on four species of bacteria those are   ATCC25922  o ATCC10876   ATCC27853 and   ATCC25923. The results indicated Whereas heating time on 100 antibacterial capacity of akway bark extracts.Keywords: Akway, extract, antibacterial, heating, pH and salt content ABSTRAK Akway ( Hook f) adalah tumbuhan berkayu, berdaun hijau yang aromatik dan tergolong dalam famili Winteraceae. Tumbuhan ini digunakan oleh Suku Sougb yang bermukim di desa Sururey Distrik Manokwari PapuaBarat untuk mengobati malaria dan meningkatkan vitalitas tubuh. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk menentukan  kapasitas antibakteri ekstrak kulit kayu akway pada beberapa tingkat konsentrasi, waktu pemanasan ekstrak pada 100 C, tingkat keasaman (pH) dan kandungan garam. Proses ekstraksi kulit kayu akway dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode maserasi pada suhu ruang selama 72 jam. Ekstraksi dilakukan dengan menggunakan pelarut etanol, etilasetatdan heksan. Pengujian kapasitas antibakteri ekstrak dilakukan dengan menggunakan metode difusi agar terhadap empat spesies bakteri, yaitu   ATCC25922   ATCC10876   ATCC27853 dan   ATCC25923 Hasil menunjukkan bahwa konsentrasi dan tingkat keasaman mempengaruhi kapasitas antibakteri ekstrak etilasetat kulit kayu akway. Pemanasan pada suhu 100 C selama 25 menit dan kandungan garam sampai 5% tidak mempengaruhi kapasitas antimikroba ekstrak kulit kayu akway.Kata kunci: Akway, ekstrak, antibakteri, pemanasan, pH dan kandungan garam

Tumbuhan obat Drimys piperita dikenal dengan nama lokal “akway” adalah tumbuhan aromatik yang tumbuh  di wilayah Pegunungan Arfak Papua Barat. Tumbuhan ini memiliki batang yang berwarna coklat kemerahan,  rasa pedas juga memiliki daun yang tebal dan berwarna hijau. Masyarakat lokal yang bermukim di Pegunungan Arfak memanfaatkan akway sebagai tumbuhan untuk pengobatan malaria. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui kandungan senyawa fenolik dan terpenoid ekstrak etilasetat daun akway. Ekstraksi komponen fitokimia daun akway dengan pelarut etilasetat dilakukan menggunakan metode perendaman dengan waktu 3 hari. Fraksinasi senyawa terpenoid ekstrak etilasetat dilakukan menggunakan larutan KOH 5% dan HCl 5%. Hasil penentuan kandungan total fenol dan flavonoid menunjukkan ekstrak etilasetat akway mengandung total fenol dan flavonoid masing-masing 33,25 mg EAG/g dan 3,05 mg EQ/g ekstrak. Senyawa penyusun utama fraksi terpenoid ekstrak etilasetat daun akaway adalah caryophyllene 14.43%, isopatchoulane 11,60%, 7-methanoasulen 6,21%, humulene  4,76%, Octadecane 4.24%, t-phytol 3.46%, linalool 3,20% dan 1,8-cyclotetradecadiyne 3,16%. Ekstrak etilasetat daun akway berpotensi sebagai sumber senyawa pencegah penyakit jantung,  antikanker, aktivitas antidiabetes, antimikroba, antiviral, antioksidan, antiinflamasi dan antikarsinogenik.

Citronella was a spicy plant used as seasoning in Indonesian food. It was reported to have antimicrobial activity. Its extract in form of volatile oil prepared by distilation can inhibit the growth of some bacteria. The objective of the research was to know the inhibition of ethanolic extract of the citronella on growth and verotoxin production of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli. The assay of antimicrobial activity was done by using broth dilution and verocell assay. The results indicated that minimum inhibitory concentration of extract can inhibit effectively verotoxin production of verotoxigenic Escherichia coli.