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The 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl neohesperidosides of hesperetin (brutieridin, 1) and naringenin (melitidin, 2) were isolated and detected from the fruits of bergamot (Citrus bergamia). The structures of these compounds were determined by spectroscopic and chemical methods.

Oleuropein, the main phenolic compound in virgin olive oil, and several of its derivatives such as oleuropein aglycone, hydroxytyrosol, and their respective acetylated lipophilic forms were obtained by simple and environmentally friendly semisynthetic protocols. The same molecules were then tested in vitro and in vivo, comparing their intriguing anti-COX-1 and anti-COX-2 properties to those of well-known anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen and celecoxib. Finally, molecular modeling experiments displaying the most probable binding modes within the classical binding clefts of the enzymes suggest the heme moiety as a potential alternative target.

The transformation of furfural into functionalized cyclopentenone derivatives is a smart process to advance the sustainable synthesis of important chemicals from biomass.