Ocorrência de um molusco invasor (Melanoides ceci_mdpa@hotmail.com, adriane_almvaz@hotmail.com, ariane_almvaz@hotmail.com, giselepelzbio@gmail.com, hmsr_@hotmail.com, tata_delunoGarcia@hotmail.com, danielyavelino@uol.com.br, gzacarin@yahoo.com.br RESUMONo Brasil e no estado de São Paulo existem poucos levantamentos sobre a presença do gastrópode Melanoides tuberculata (Müller, 1774). Os moluscos invasores representam uma importante ameaça às espécies nativas, em consequência da sua agressividade na competição pelo uso dos habitats e dos diferentes recursos. Melanoides tuberculata é originário da Ásia e África e a sua introdução no Brasil data da década de 60. Estudos recentes ressaltam a importância de realizar novas pesquisas sobre a distribuição espacial desta espécie e seu possível impacto à biodiversidade. O presente estudo documenta a ocorrência da espécie Melanoides tuberculata na bacia hidrográfica do rio Sorocaba, sua abundância e distribuição espacial em 5 sistemas aquáticos em diferentes estágios de conservação. As amostragens foram realizadas nos meses de junho de 2013 até agosto de 2014, onde foram registrados 522 indivíduos, dos quais 67% foram encontrados no Rio Verde, localizado na zona de amortecimento da Floresta Nacional de Ipanema. Os resultados mostraram que esta espécie pode estar amplamente distribuída na bacia principalmente em locais com substrato arenoso, mata ripária degradada e sujeito a lançamento de esgoto. Deve ser ressaltada ainda a correlação com valores de temperatura da água mais altos, o que pode estar ligado à ausência de sombreamento propiciado pela mata ripária. O controle na proliferação desta espécie, deve ser realizado pela melhoria da qualidade ambiental do ambiente aquáticos uma vez que a erradicação se torna inviável por remoção física. (Müller, 1774). Invasive mollusks pose a major threat to native species as a result of their aggressive competition for habitat use and various resources. Native to Asia and Africa, Melanoides tuberculata was introduced to Brazil in the 1960's. Recent studies have discussed the importance of conducting further research on the spatial distribution of this species and its possible impact on biodiversity. Sampling was conducted from June 2013 to August 2014, and a total of 522 individuals was recorded; 67% of these were found in the Rio Verde River, located in the buffer zone of the Ipanema National Forest. The results showed that this species may be widely distributed in the basin, especially in places with sandy soil, degraded riparian zones, and areas where sewage is discharged. It is important to note the correlation of the distribution with higher water temperatures, which may be related to the absence of shading of riparian forests. Control of the proliferation of this species, which has a high attack potential, must be accomplished by improving quality of the aquatic environment, since eradication by physical removal is unfeasible.

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Plant volatiles are important cues for the orientation of herbivorous insects. It is possible that these compounds indicate whether the plant is suitable for feeding and larval development, or for mating aggregation. Vernonia condensata (Asteraceae) is known to attract species of leafhoppers, most of them important vectors of the citrus variegated chlorosis (CVC). In this study, we evaluated the role of volatiles of V. condensata on the orientation of Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Four-arm olfactometer bioassays showed that only males were attracted to the volatiles of the host-plants Citrus sp. and V. condensata. Furthermore, fresh leaves of V. condensata induced a stronger response than volatiles from hexane-extracted leaves. This study opens the possibility to utilize V. condensata volatiles for pest management programs of B. xanthopis. Key words: plant-herbivore interaction, leafhopper, trichomes ATRATIVIDADE DE Bucephalogonia xanthophis (CICADELLIDAE) POR VOLÁTEIS DE SEU HOSPEDEIRO NATURAL Vernonia condensata (ASTERACEAE)RESUMO: Os voláteis de plantas são sinais importantes para a orientação de insetos herbívoros. É possível que esses compostos indiquem que a planta é apropriada para alimentação e desenvolvimento larval, ou para agrupamento reprodutivo. Vernonia condensata (Asteraceae) atrai espécies de cigarrinhas, muitas delas vetores da clorose variegada dos citros (CVC). Neste trabalho, foi avaliado o papel dos voláteis de V. condensata na orientação de Bucephalogonia xanthophis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). Bioensaios em olfatômetro de quatro braços mostraram que somente os machos foram atraídos pelos voláteis das plantas hospedeiras Citrus sp. e V. condensata, sendo que os voláteis das folhas frescas de V. condensata induziram uma maior resposta quando comparada aos extratos hexânicos da planta. A possibilidade de usar os voláteis de V. condensata abre novas perspectivas para programas e alternativas para o manejo de pragas. Palavras-chave: interação planta-herbívoro, cigarrinha, tricomas

Host Preference of Apanteles galleriae Wilkinson (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) for Galleria mellonella (L.) or Achroia grisella (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae)ABSTRACT -Caterpillars of Galleria mellonella (L.) and Achroia grisella (Fabricius), considered pests of beehives, were used to test host preference of the parasitoid Apanteles galleriae Wilkinson. On average, A. galleriae females originated from a lab rearing on both hosts preferred to parasitize caterpillars of A. grisella in 67% of the tests. The same experiment was repeated using A. galleriae females that had been reared during five generations in each of the host species, with similar results. A. galleriae females reared in caterpillars of G. mellonella parasitized A. grisella caterpillars in 64% of the tests, whereas the A. galleriae females reared in A. grisella parasitized the same species in 63.5% of the tests. This preference was not dependent on the number of host caterpillars used in each test. We conclude that A. grisella is a better host than G. mellonella to rear A. galleriae under laboratory conditions, and that the parasitoid is a promising natural enemy for the biological control of these species of wax moths because it can be easily reared in both species and none of these hosts show resistance to the parasitoid.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the canopy insect community associated with maize intercropped with different arrangements of Crotalaria spectabilis and the effects on the damage caused to maize by Spodoptera frugiperda and Helicoverpa zea. The treatments were intercropping systems of maize with Crotalaria spectabilis: CR - Crotalaria spectabilis sown on the same rows as maize; CBR - Crotalaria spectabilis sown between the rows of maize; CRBR - Crotalaria spectabilis sown on the rows and between the rows of maize, and M - maize monocrop. The experimental plot consisted of five rows of maize, five meters long, spaced 0.8 m apart. Assessments were made of the following parameters: insect community present in the maize canopy, leaf damage caused by the fall armyworm (S. frugiperda) and the corn earworm (H. zea), maize grain yield and shoot dry weight of maize and crotalaria. The CRBR intercropping system was characterized by the presence of predators and parasitoids, especially from the families Forficulidae and Braconidae: 79% and 82%, respectively. The maize monocrop, in turn, was mainly characterized by the presence of chewing and sucking phytophagous insects and predators. There was no influence of plant arrangements on the damage to maize caused by S. frugiperda (mean variation between 0.47 and 0.64 of damage) and H. zea (ranging between 6.42 and 7.49 of damage), neither on the grain yield of the crop (variation between 4129.57 kg ha-1 and 5653.77 kg ha-1). Our results suggest that C. spectablis sown in the rows and between the rows of maize has the potential to optimize conservative biological control, without, however, affecting the grain yield of the cereal