The inclusion of ATG resulted in a significantly lower rate of chronic GVHD after allogeneic transplantation than the rate without ATG. The survival rate was similar in the two groups, but the rate of a composite end point of chronic GVHD-free survival and relapse-free survival was higher with ATG. (Funded by the Neovii Biotech and the European Society for Blood and Marrow Transplantation; ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT00678275.).

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and *4501, but not other alleles. Based on these findings, we developed an algorithm for prediction of nonpermissive HLA-DPB1 mismatches. Retrospective evaluation of 118 transplantations showed that the presence of nonpermissive HLA-DPB1 mismatches was correlated with significantly increased hazards of acute grade II to IV graftversus-host disease (HR ‫؍‬ 1.87, P ‫؍‬ .046) and transplantation-related mortality (HR ‫؍‬ 2.69, P ‫؍‬ .027) but not relapse (HR ‫؍‬ 0.98, P ‫؍‬ .939), as compared with the permissive group. There was also a marked but statistically not significant increase in the hazards of overall mortality (HR ‫؍‬ 1.64, P ‫؍‬ .1). These data suggest that biologic characterization of in vivo alloreactivity can be a tool for definition of clinically relevant nonpermissive HLA mismatches for unrelated HSC transplantation.