RESUMOEstudo em Esperantina (TO) quantificou os atributos da fertilidade do solo em área cultivada sob sistema agroflorestal (SAF), mata nativa e lavoura de subsistência. O solo e a serapilheira foram coletados no período chuvoso e no período seco, com 10 repetições. Os teores de nutrientes nas duas épocas foram muito baixos, sendo maiores no solo cultivado com arroz e milho em função da queimada e resíduos de adubação mineral. Os teores de matéria orgânica no SAF se equipararam aos da mata. A serapilheira encontrada no SAF nas duas épocas contrasta com os baixos níveis de nutrientes, podendo contribuir para a manutenção da capacidade produtiva do agroecossistema.Palavras-chave: agrofloresta, ciclagem de nutrientes, serapilheira.Soil Fertility on Subsistence Production System, Agroforestry and Remaining Vegetation in Esperantina, State of Tocantins, Brazil ABSTRACTIn this work, which was carried out in Esperantina, State of Tocantins, soil fertility parameters were measured in an area cultivated through agroforestry, subsistence farming and native tropical vegetation. Soil and litter were collected in rainy and in dry season with 10 replicates. Nutrient levels were very low in both seasons. Rice and maize cultivation areas presented the highest levels, possibly due to burn practice and mineral fertilizer residues. Organic matter levels of SAF were the same as those of native tropical forest vegetation. The litter obtained on SAF in both seasons contrasts with the low nutrients levels obtained, what could contribute to the maintenance of the production capacity of the agroecosystem.
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