Happiness is one indicator that can represent the welfare of society. This study aims to find a model of happiness assessment that is more in line with the conditions of local people who are on the border, especially in Papua Sota District. The happiness index used by the Central Bureau of Statistics (BPS) until 2017 using the 10 essential aspects of life reflects the level of happiness, where the results of 2014 and 2017, the variables of happiness index, HDI, per capita GRDP, and population density increase concurrent index. but viewed 10 aspects assessed by the author not in accordance with the conditions of local communities in Papua. The method used in this study is qualitative with appropriate literature studies. The results of this study indicate that there are other aspects or other indicators more important that reflect the level of happiness of the local community of Papua, especially the border area of Sota District.

This article discusses the extent to which the SRHR narrative is reproduced in the Papuan context. In the process, data collection was carried out by combining document studies, self-reflexive, and interviews. The involvement of one of the researchers who is also an Indigenous Papuan (Orang Asli Papua – OAP) allows for self-reflection regarding the context and issues of SRHR in Papua. While in the interview process, women’s bodily experience is placed as a center for understanding the dynamics of reproductive health problems in the broader context of Papua. Specific issues such as unwanted pregnancies (Kehamilan Tidak Diinginkan – KTD) are key topics during the interview process. The results of the study show that SRHR issues among young people in Papua cover specific issues such as unwanted pregnancy, HIV/AIDS, and violence against women. However, in the exploration of specific topics such as KTD, it was found that there is a gap in knowledge and skills in understanding and translating the substance of SRHR due to conflicting economic issues, traditions, and changes in meaning around sexuality due to the influence of modernization. Therefore, the intersectionality framework, both theoretically and methodologically, has the potential to be developed for further studies to obtain a comprehensive mapping of the dynamics of SRHR challenges and the need for innovative approaches in Papua.

ABSTRAKPenambangan pasir pantai menimbulkan eksternalitas. Bentuk eksternalitas yang terlihat adalah kerusakan jalan raya, penurunan produktivitas produk perikanan, dan kerusakan ekosistem hutan mangrove di pesisir pantai. Pemerintah telah mengeluarkan himbauan pelarangan penggalian pasir pantai, namun ekstraksi penggalian pasir di pesisir pantai masih terus terjadi. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji strategi kebijakan penanggulangan penggalian pasir melalui analisis motivasi dan persepsi masyarakat terhadap usaha penggalian pasir pantai dengan pendekatan metodologi analisis Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat (SWOT) dan penentuan alternatif strategi dengan metode Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM). Hasil penelitian menyebutkan bahwa motivasi masyarakat menjual pasir karena tuntutan ekonomi, tidak perlu bekerja keras, hasilnya stabil dan harga tidak pernah turun dibandingkan usaha pertanian. Adanya anggapan menjual pasir adalah pekerjaan sampingan. Jika tidak ada permintaan pasir, maka masyarakat akan berkebun, berburu, meramu dan mengambil ikan di laut. Banyaknya permintaan masyarakat terhadap pasir. Masyarakat paham dampak negatif penggalian pasir dan menjadi kekuatan dalam penanggulangan penggalian pasir. Kebijakan pemerintah tidak ditegakkan dan terjadi penelantaran diduga sebagai penyebab tetap dilakukan praktek penambangan pasir pantai. Urutan strategi kebijakan yang dapat disarankan untuk pemerintah berdasarkan analisis QSPM adalah:(1) penetapan harga pasir lokal dengan menginternalisasi biaya eksternalitas; (2) penegakan ijin usaha pertambangan dan (3) membentuk kelompok peduli lingkungan pesisir untuk mengembangkan perekonomian masyarakat lokal. Kata Kunci: strategi kebijakan; eksternalitas; penggalian pasir pantai; metoda SWOT; metoda QSPM ABSTRACTBeach sand mining caused externalities. Those type of externalities were shown by road damage, decreasing fisheries productivity, and destruction of mangrove forest ecosystems in coastal areas. Government has prohibited beach sand mining, however, extraction continues to occur. This study aims to analyze the policy strategy to overcome beach sand mining through motivation analysis and perception of community using the Strength Weakness Opportunity Threat (SWOT) and the Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM) analytical methods. Results of the study showed that people sell sand due to economic reason without having to work hard, its stable production and prices compared to agriculture activity. Selling sand is considered a temporary job. Whenever there is no demand for sand, the community will work for another job, i.e., hunting, fishing and other agricultural activities. Community is aware of negative impact of sand mining and it empower them to prevent sand mining. A weak enforcement of government policy was likely to be the reason of keep practicing beach sand mining. The policy strategy that we suggest for government to overcome the beach sand mining based on the QSPM analysis are: (1) determining the price of local sand by internalizing...

Woman have strong links with the environmental. In his role as manager of the household, they are more interacting with the environmental and natural recousces.The efforts were made by Maklew’s Woman with cultivated an attitude of assistance and keep maintain their environmental. So the worked together in their culture like kayau in their countryside stil remained until now. But effort of Maklew’s woman to keep maintained the local wisdom “kayau” for environmental management, there has challenges. One of the interesting things to be examined is that of the management of the environment and resources. Maklew is the tribe with a practice of very strong patriarchy. The position of women in Maklew etnic is assumed as “second person”. Specifically in the culture ofetnic maklew, the position of women is considered very important. Women and the land are symbolized as the origin and the source of life, as the giver of life. The study of Maklw’s Womans Participation for environmental management use the feminism and ecofeminism theory and exchanged theory where there are several indicators related by Kayau as a local wisdom to environmental management. The indicators or prepositions are role of division, acces of control and decision making making with kayau perpective. This research was carried out in Wasur village, which is one of villages with the population of indigenous of Marind, located in Merauke, bordering Papua New Guinea. This research includes of qualitative and descriptive approach. Statistic collected is done by observation method, intervieuw using snowball sampling method. Data analysis in this research by descriptive analisys. As the result in the research showing that Maklew’s Woman in participation on environmental management in Wasue Village still strong and kept well. There was show from mutual cooperation from Maklew’s woman on environmental management with Kayau that still continues. All the people especially Maklew’s Woman still kept the local wisdom Kayau in their environmental management activity.

Asmat Tribe women are faced with a subordinate position because of the social transformation that has occurred in Asmat Tribe due to the intervention of 'outsiders'. The existence of the Asmat tribe is an attraction for missionaries, countries and also other practitioners who attend with their own goals. This study describes the phase of social transformation that occurred in Asmat Tribe which has changed the social construction of the status, role and position of women in it. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive analysis method that focuses on Pierre Bourdieu's theory of the cultural arena as a rationale. The results of the study show that the status, role and position of women experience a dynamic change from a dichotomous pattern to a subordinate one due to the interference of "outsiders". In the phase before the missionaries arrived, social roles within the Asmat tribe were not only determined by gender and kinship but also skills and knowledge, whereas during the missionary phase, women began to accept subordinate behavior because the teachings in the Bible seemed to legitimize the existence of male roles. -males are taller than females. Likewise, when the state came to the Asmat, women were increasingly entangled in domestic terms as the main space for women. Asmat Tribe women are faced with a subordinate position because of the social transformation that has occurred in Asmat Tribe due to the intervention of 'outsiders'. The existence of the Asmat tribe is an attraction for missionaries, countries and also other practitioners who attend with their own goals. This study describes the phase of social transformation that occurred in Asmat Tribe which has changed the social construction of the status, role and position of women in it. The research method used is a qualitative descriptive analysis method that focuses on Pierre Bourdieu's theory of the cultural arena as a rationale. The results of the study show that the status, role and position of women experience a dynamic change from a dichotomous pattern to a subordinate one due to the interference of "outsiders". In the phase before the missionaries arrived, social roles within the Asmat tribe were not only determined by gender and kinship but also skills and knowledge, whereas during the missionary phase, women began to accept subordinate behavior because the teachings in the Bible seemed to legitimize the existence of male roles. -males are taller than females. Likewise, when the state came to the Asmat, women were increasingly entangled in domestic terms as the main space for women.