Double-sling procedure is feasible, efficient, and safe. Reducing the mesh size did not have a detrimental effect on the outcomes of SUI treatment and simultaneous AVWP repair.

Objectives This study aimed to investigate whether early-onset schizophrenia (EOS) cases differ from controls regarding volumes of the total cerebellum and the right and left cerebellar hemispheres, and volumetric asymmetry. Correlations of cerebellar volumes and asymmetry indices with severity of symptoms and general functioning in cases of EOS were also assessed. Methods Adolescents with EOS (n = 23) were compared with controls (n = 23). Sociodemographic and clinical data, and magnetic resonance imaging scans that were acquired for routine clinical purposes were collected retrospectively. Cerebellar volumes were evaluated using the stereological method. Asymmetry indices were subsequently calculated. Scores of the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale and the Children’s Global Assessment Scale were used to assess the severity of symptoms and general functionality. Results There were no significant differences in any of the cerebellar volumes and asymmetry indices between the two groups. Neither cerebellar volumes nor asymmetry indices were correlated with the severity of symptoms and general functionality in EOS. Conclusions Our findings suggest that the early-onset form of schizophrenia does not show apparent volumetric changes of the cerebellum. Additionally, the neural circuits involved in formation of symptomatology may not reflect any correlation with cerebellar volumes at mid-adolescence.

Objectives: To determine the amount of body fat tissue with skinfold thickness measurements is a common method to estimate the body composition. The other method used for this purpose is ultrasonography which is expensive and needs specialization to apply. In this study, validity of skinfold thickness measurements was investigated using ultrasonography.Methods: One hundred adult volunteers (50 males and 50 females) were used in this study. The ages of the subjects were 20 to 70, selected as10 males and 10 females for each decade. Subcutaneous fat thickness of the subjects were measured at seven body sites (submandibula, triceps, biceps, subscapula, suprailiac, thigh and calf) using a skinfold caliper and an ultrasound equipment. The measurements were made by the same person on the right side of the body, while the subject was standing in a upright position.Results: Mean ultrasonographic measurements were smaller than those performed using a skinfold caliper at all areas (p<0.05). Measurements performed with these two techniques were correlated significantly (p<0.001) at submandibular (r= 0.596), subscapular (r=0.692), suprailiac (r=0.706), triceps (r=0.751), biceps (r=0.752), thigh (r=0.802) and calf (r=0.849) areas. Conclusion:The skinfold thickness measurements made using skinfold caliper provides reliable information about the subcutaneous fat tissue.

OBJECTIVE: Recent data from the literature have recognized the importance of cerebellum in bipolar disorder. Brain imaging studies focusing on cerebellar volumetric changes in bipolar disorder demonstrated controversial data. The aim of this study is to investigate whether there is any difference between early-onset bipolar cases and healthy controls regarding cerebellar volumetric measurements. METHODS: Patients with bipolar I disorder were compared to healthy controls in terms of total cerebellar volume, volumes of the right and left cerebellar hemispheres, and cerebellar volumetric asymmetry. All the sociodemographic, clinical data, and magnetic resonance image scans were collected retrospectively. Cerebellar volumes were evaluated using the stereological method. Asymmetry indices were calculated subsequently. RESULTS: We recruited 10 bipolar I cases and 10 healthy controls. There were no statistically significant differences between the bipolar and the control groups for total cerebellar volumes, volumes of right and left cerebellar hemispheres, and cerebellar asymmetry indices. CONCLUSION: Future studies focusing on cerebellar changes in early-onset bipolar disorder should include large case and control series and designed as follow-up studies for being able to determine the chronic effects of the illness on cerebellar volumes.

Ce er rr ra ah hi i y ya ak kl la aş şı ım m a aç çı ıs sı ın nd da an n h hi ip po of fi iz ze er r f fo os ss sa a i il le e i il li iş şk ki il li i y ya ap pı ıl la ar rı ın n m mo or rf fo om me et tr ri ik k a an na al li iz zi i M Mo or rp ph ho om me et tr ri ic c A An na al ly ys si is s o of f H Hy yp po op ph hy ys se ea al l F Fo os ss sa a R Re el la at te ed d S St tr ru uc ct tu ur re e; ; i in n T Te er rm ms s o of f S Su ur rg gi ic ca al l A Ap pp pr ro oa ac ch h