Serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level was estimated in 44 childhood (age range 1-15 years) acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) on admission, day 14 and day 29 of induction. Another 25 children without ALL were included as control. On admission, the level of serum LDH was significantly high in ALL cases than control (p<0.001). Total WBC count was significantly decreased along with serum LDH level at day 14 and day 29 of induction (p<0.001). A significant rise of platelet count was observed at day 29 of induction in relation to significant decrease of serum LDH level (p<0.001). A significant decrease of peripheral and bone marrow blast cell percentages were also observed at day 29 of induction along with significant decrease level of serum LDH (p<0.001). So, the measurement of serum LDH level can be accepted as an enzymatic tool for presumption of childhood ALL and the response to chemotherapy during induction of remission.

Stage T1 through T3 lip cancers can be treated primarily by brachytherapy (BRTX), with or without external radiotherapy (ERT), with adequate safety margins and good results. In this study, the outcomes of BRTX were reviewed for patients treated at the Brachytherapy Department of the Istanbul University Oncology Institute (IUOE). The medical records of 41 patients registered at IUOE with a diagnosis of lip cancer between 1988 and 2003 were reviewed. The median follow-up time was 88 months (24-160 mo). Among these patients, 21 patients with a primary tumor, 14 with tumors arising postoperatively, and 6 with postoperative recurrence of tumor were treated using BRTX. A total of 33 patients (80%) received BRTX alone and 8 (20%) received BRTX and ERT. The 10-year local control rate was 100%, 93%, and 67% for patients treated with BRTX alone, BRTX and surgery, and those treated for postoperative recurrence, respectively (P<.02). For patients treated with BRTX only and BRTX plus surgery, specific disease-free survival was 95% and 94%, respectively, and overall survival was 93% and 100%, respectively; these differences were not statistically significant. One patient with a postoperative recurrence who had been treated with BRTX died as a result of lip cancer. No patients developed any ulcerations, intra-oral complications, or mandibular necrosis. In the BRTX only group, 83% had excellent or good cosmetic results. In the surgery group, 62% had a contour deformity. In lip cancer management, BRTX results were comparable for local control, survival, and minimal late effects in normal tissue. This is in accordance with current reports in the medical literature. Satisfactory results were observed in patients with stage T1 and T2 lesions who had been treated with BRTX only and in patients with stage T3 lesions who had been treated with BRTX plus ERT, without a need for additional treatment modalities.

Methods: In this randomized double blind trial 60 children (4-11 years) with acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) who received high dose methotrexate (HDMTX-2.5gm/ m 2) . Each patients received either ondansetron 4 mg or granisetron 1mg (n=30) orally half an hour before HDMTX. Nausea and vomiting were assessed based on ''modified Morrow Assessment of Nausea and Emesis'' (MANE) scale for application to the children. Results: Complete response of granisetron significantly differed from ondansetron from day 2-4 (delayed emesis) (p=0.028).Complete response to acute CINV

Al2O3/TiO2 nanocomposites were developed by ALD to tailor both optical properties and bandgap of heterostructures. Presence of quantum confinement phenomenon is observed when the thickness of TiO2 film is comparable to Bohr radius.

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