Our study provides normative values for RA volumes and function measured by 3DE and 2D-STE in a relatively large cohort of healthy subjects with a wide age range. These data will help clinicians to identify RA remodelling and dysfunction.

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End-diastolic AAoD measured using IE were significantly smaller than those obtained either using LE convention or at end-systole. Gender-specific reference values for AAoD indexed for BSA should be used to identify ascending aorta pathology.

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