Chelonus inanitus (L.) is an egg-larval parasitoid of noctuids Spodoptera exigua (Hübner) and S. littoralis (Boisduval), whose mass rearing or real potential has not been targeted yet. To improve the rearing in the factitious host Ephestia kuehniella Zeller, we investigated the influence of host age and number of females parasitizing simultaneously on the overall rearing success, the influence of host age on the life cycle, and the influence of host species on the parasitoid body size. The proportion of emerging C. inanitus was higher from young host eggs, but more females emerged from mature eggs. Under high parasitoid competition, we observed a reduction in non-parasitized hosts without reducing parasitoid emergence. The parasitoid life cycle was longer in females, but the mismatch between sexes was smaller in mature eggs. The parasitoid size was smaller in the factitious host than in the natural hosts. Under semi-field conditions, we investigated the competition among parasitoid females on the overall parasitism success. The reproductive parasitism was more successful in S. exigua than in S. littoralis, and the maximum emergence was reached with three and four females, respectively. The control of S. littoralis may be attributed to the high developmental mortality, a non-reproductive parasitism that is often underestimated.

Los textos legales europeos más antiguos son Las leyes de Gortina y la Ley de las XII Tablas. Para conocer el Derecho en Europa de épocas anteriores solo disponemos de referencias literarias y de las deducciones antropológicas. Sin embargo, las tablillas micénicas abren la posibilidad de extraer, a partir de su contenido fundamentalmente burocrático, relaciones jurídicas concretas para el periodo del Bronce Final europeo. La finalidad de este trabajo es ofrecer una aproximación jurídica al contenido de las tablillas de la serie E- de Pilo, sobre parcelas agrícolas, haciendo un uso instrumental de los conceptos del Derecho civil.