Stress at work with various physical, biological, chemical and socio-economic factors contribute to day to day increased incidence of diabetes mellitus. Ayurveda is a rich treasure of safe and traditional materia medica which provides a promising field of drug research. An indigenous drug may not be as potent in lowering the blood sugar level as insulin but it may possess many other qualities which may make it more useful for the holistic management of the disease. In present study, an Ayurvedic formulation i.e. Madhumehar Yoga was assessed in terms of blood sugar levels as well as symptomatic relief in Madhumeha. A clinical trial was conducted on 69 subjects in whom 61 subjects completed the study. In trial Metformin (group I) shows 34.57% reduction in FBS while 26.85% reduction was observed in Ayurvedic formulation (group II). Reduction in FBS was statistically highly significant (p<0.001) in both the groups and the intergroup difference was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Urine sugar was reduced by 100% in metformin and 93% in Ayurvedic formulation which is statistically highly significant (p<0.001) in both the groups and the intergroup difference was statistically insignificant (p>0.05). Considerable improvement in blood sugar levels and all signs and symptoms was observed in both groups. The study revealed that both the therapies were significantly effective in the management of Madhumeha, Ayurvedic drugs showed better efficacy on subjective parameters but Metformin was somewhere superior in lowering down the blood sugar levels.

Drug interaction is defined as the modification of the effects of a drug (object drug) by the prior and/or the concomitant administration of another drug (precipitant drug). Drug interaction may either increase or decrease the intended effect of one or both drugs. It may transform the diagnostic, preventive or therapeutic activity of any drug. Druginteractions can be an extremely main contributory factor for the incidence and occurrence of adverse drug reactions and adverse drug events. The rate of occurrence and incidence of drug interactions is much higher in patients receiving combinations of drugs or poly-pharmacy or suffered from co-morbidity of diseases such as diabetes, hypertension, peptic ulcer, fungal infections and neurodegenerative disorders, which require prolong and multi treatments and the risk of drug interaction will increase as they are treated with multi-therapies. It is concluded that diabetic patients are at higher risk for drug interaction as receiving a combination of therapies for diabetic complications as well, so that the rate of occurrence of drug interaction is rapidly amplifying. Diabetes mellitus has been considered as a foremost public health challenge around the world because of its high prevalence and associated increase in morbidity and mortality. The main objective of this review study is to highlights the various drug interactions likely drug-drug and drug-food interactions as well as reports unwanted effects of other treatment associated with antidiabetic agents in the diabetic patients.

" Environment plays a vital role in the over-all well-being of human existence and their development. Protection and conservation of environment is the need of the hour. The need is also to ensure the sustainable utilization of the existing natural resources. The fact is also being strongly reflected in the constitutional framework of India as well as in India’s international commitments. Under Part IVA of constitution (Article 48A- Directive Principles of State Policies) stipulates that the State shall try to improve and protect the environment and safeguard forests and wildlife of the country. Furthermore, Part IVA of the Constitution also (Article 51A- Fundamental Duties), casts a duty on every citizen to improve and protect the nature and have compassion for all living beings. Since the 1970s, a number of environment legislations have been put forward. The apex administrative body in India i.e Ministry of Environment and Forest was established in year 1985. Today MoEF is responsible for regulating and ensuring environmental protection and lays down the legal and regulatory framework for the same. The present manuscript is an effort to review the Law pertaining protection and conservation of the environment and their sustainable utilization in India with special emphasis on State of Jharkhand."