Pored oplemenjivačkog rada na ozimoj pšenici, rad na ječmu, (proljetnom i ozimom) u JU Poljoprivredni institut Republike Srpske, Banja Luka, zauzima značajno mesto. Oplemenjivačkim programom planirano je stvaranje novih sorti ječma koje će imati velik genetski potencijal za stabilan prinos, a po mogućnosti i što više dobrih i drugih agronomskih osobina, kao i što veću tolerantnost prema abiotičkim i biotičkim faktorima. Rezultat višegodišnjeg rada u navedenoj oblasti, u 2018. godini potvrđen je priznavanjem jedne nove sorte proljetnog ječma koji se po osnovnim tehnološkim parametrima svrstava u grupu pivskih ječmova, pod komercijalnim imenom Rojal. U dvogodišnjim ogledima Komisije za priznavanje sorti Repubilike Srbije u periodu 2017. i 2018. utvrđeno je da linija pod radnim nazivom BL 55-16 ispoljava različite, uniformne i stabilne osobine jedne sorte i da je u proseku za sve lokalitete i godine ispitivanja ostvarila prinos u nivou standarda, ali je po tehnološkim osobinama bila bolja od standarda-NS Marko. Novopriznata linija dobila je komercijalno ime Rojal i istovremeno je prva priznata sorta proljetnog pivskog ječma u Poljoprivrednom institu Republike Srpske, Banja Luka, koja se odlikuje visokim genetskim potencijalom za prinos, koji iznosi preko 8,5 t ha-1 i visokim kvalitetom, prije svega manjim sadržajem proteina, većim sadržajem ekstrakta, nešto krupnijim zrnom, većom hektolitarskom masom u odnosu na sortu standard. Sorta Rojal ostvarila je, za obe godine ispitivanja i sve lokalitete prosečan prinos od 5.780 kg ha-1 , a sorta standard NS Marko 5.602 kg ha-1. Lokalitet Novog Sada u periodu ispitivanja izdvojio se u odnosu na druge lokalitete kao najpovoljnija sredina za gajenje ovog ječma u 2017. godini. Na datom lokalitetu, sorta Rojal ostvarila je prinos od 8.974 kg ha-1 , dok je prinos standarda NS Marko bio 8.780 kg ha-1. Najveći prosečan prinos za obe godine ispitivanja navedena sorta je ostvarila na lokalitetu Pančevo, kada je prinos kod ove sorte ječma iznosio 7.434 kg ha-1 .
IzvodKlimatske promene i povremeni deficit semena jarog ovsa ukazuje na potrebu raspolaganja fakultativnim sortama koje se mogu sejati tokom jeseni i ranog proleća. U cilju utvrđivanja uticaja vremena setve u jesen i proleće na prinos i komponente prinosa tokom 2015/16. i 2016/17. sezone, ispitivane su četiri fakultativne linije i fakultativna sorta ovsa Sana u agroekološkim uslovima Banjalučkog regiona. Ove linije i sorta Sana selekcionisane su u JU Poljoprivredni institut Republike Srpske, Banja Luka. Setva je obavljena u jesen i u proleće, a primenjena je tehnologija uobičajena za gajenje ozimog i jarog ovsa. Prinos po jedinici površine, dužina metlice, masa metlice, broj zrna po metlici i masa zrna po metlici imali su veće vrednosti kod svih linija i sorte Sana u jesenjoj nego prolećnoj setvi. U jesenjoj setvi prinos je iznosio 7,00-8,20 t ha -1 , a u prolećnoj setvi 6,04-6,88 t ha -1 . Maksimalni prinosi ostvaruju se setvom 500 klijavih zrna m -2 . Linija fakultativnog ovsa BL-2 ostvarila je najveći prosečni dvogodišnji prinos i u jesenjoj (8,20 t ha -1 ) i u jaroj (6,88 t ha -1 ) setvi. Sorta Sana u jesenjoj setvi ostvarila je prosečan prinos od 8,10 t ha -1 . Rezultati ovoga testiranja ukazuju na značaj stvaranja fakultativnih sorti strnih žita, čime će se rešiti povremeni deficit semena jarih sorti, koje se inače manje semenare. AbstractClimate change and occasional seed deficit of the spring oats indicates the need to dispose of with facultative varieties, which can be sowed during autumn and early spring. In order to determine the impact of sowing time in autumn and spring on yield and yield components during 2015/16 and 2016/17, four facultative lines and the facultative variety oats Sana in the agro-ecological conditions of the Banja Luka region were tested. These lines and variety Sana have been selected by the PI Agriculture Institute of the Republic of Srpska, Banja Luka. The sowing was carried out in autumn and in the spring, with commonly applied technology for cultivation of spring oats. The yield per unit area, the length of the tassel, the mass of the tassel, the number of grain and the weight of the grain per tassel had higher values in all lines and varieties of Sana in autumn than in the spring sowing. In autumn, the yield was 7.00-8.20 t ha-1, and in the spring sowing 6.04-6.88 t ha-1. The maximum yield is achieved in the rate of the 500 emergence grains m-2. The line of facultative oats BL-2 has achieved the highest average two-year yield in autumn (8.20 t ha-1) and in the spring (6.88 t ha-1) sowing. Variety Sana in autumn sowing achieved the average yield of 8.10 t ha-1. The results of this research indicate the importance of creating facultative varieties of the spring grain, which will solve the occasional seed deficit of spring varieties, which are otherwise less grown.
Julija is a high-yielding, medium-early, quality variety of winter wheat, created by the method of hybridization of two genetically divergent parents, homozygous lines Sery 13/2, and BL 24/38. In the genetic structure of this variety, the genes responsible for high genetic potential of fertility, very good technological quality, early maturity, low winter hardiness, excellent resistance to lodging, low temperatures and diseases have been successfully combined. It was recognized and registered by the Commission for the Recognition of Varieties of the Republic of Serbia in 2020. It has wide adaptability and yield stability, which allows successful cultivation in different climatic and soil conditions and at different levels of cultural practices. The cultivar Julija achieved an average yield of 8.38 t ha-1 in both years of testing and in all localities, and the cultivar Standard Ranesansa yielded 7.83 tha-1 and the cultivar standard Ns 40-S 8.19 tha-1. It has a high level of drought tolerance. Based on the indicators of technological quality, it is classified in the I technological group.
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