The electrochemical performance of LiFePO 4 in lithium cells is strongly dependent on the structure (disordered/graphene or D/G ratio) of the in situ carbon produced during synthesis from carbon-containing precursors. Addition of pyromellitic acid (PA) prior to final calcination results in lower D/G ratios, yielding a higher-rate material. Further improvements in electrochemical performance are realized when graphitization catalysts such as ferrocene are also added during LiFePO 4 preparation, although overall carbon content is still less than 2 wt. %.

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