No abstract

Complex arithmetic allows the separation ofthe poles and zeros in the top half of the z-plane from the poles and zeros in the bottom half of the z-plane. Heterodyne techniques can then be used to move the poles and zeros in the top half of the plane counter-clockwise and the poles and zeros in the bottom half of the z-plane clockwise. For the case ofnarrow-band band-pass filters, a significant hardware savings can be obtained by using only the real part ofthe resulting output.