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to a broad spectrum of organic wastes. Co-occurrences were evaluated using the Normalized Pointwise Mutual Information measure to locate terms which co-occur more frequently than would be expected by chance. Through the use of detailed lists of organic wastes and TAPs, the cooccurrence method mapped out 7118 unique intersections between 473 specific wastes and 228 TAPs. This technique enables us to find seemingly non-obvious valorization pathways such as the re-use of oyster shells as catalysts for biodiesel production and bioplastic production from brewery waste. While a proof-of-concept, this work points the way for using Big Data to suggest novel pathways for implementing the Circular Economy.

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Abstract:Even though it's well known that our common resources are limited and that recycling is key for a sustainable future; in reality we see few examples of true recycling where virgin raw material is substituted by waste. There are endless numbers of examples where waste is utilized to some extent without solving the core issue: reducing the need of extracting virgin raw materials. This article analyses some of the driving forces and inhibitors of secondary stock extraction to explore why it's so difficult establish large scale secondary stock extraction although suitable technologies are available. The authors discuss and suggest possible ways for reducing some of the main barriers presented.

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