Non-melanoma skin cancers (NMSCs) are the most common malignancies diagnosed in Caucasian populations. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent skin cancer, followed by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Unfortunately, most European cancer registries do not record individual types of NMSC. To evaluate the incidence of primary BCCs and SCCs regarding age, sex, tumour site and tumour subtype to determine trends in epidemiology of both cancers. Retrospective analysis of BCCs and SCCs diagnosed and treated across seven sites in Poland from 1999 to 2019. We recorded 13,913 NMSCs occurring in 10,083 patients. BCC represented 85.2% of all cases. SCC patients were older than BCC patients (77.1 ± 11.3 years vs. 70.1 ± 12.3 years, p < 0.01). The nodular subtype was the most common subtype of BCC, followed by the superficial and infiltrative subtypes. The superficial BCC subtype was more common on photoprotected areas (p < 0.01), whereas the nodular BCC subtype occurred on the face (p < 0.01). The high-risk SCC subtypes were more common on face compared to low-risk SCC subtypes (p < 0.01). BCC and SCC are common malignancies developing at various ages and anatomical sites. These data underline the need for better registration policies regarding NMSC in order to improve prevention and treatment strategies for these tumours.

Objective: The aim of the study was to verify two hypotheses. The first concerned the possibility of diagnostic dermoscopic differentiation between cutaneous melanomas of the histopathological category in situ (pTis) and thin melanomas (pT1a) in terms of their diameter. The second assessed the diagnostic feasibility of two dermoscopic algorithms aiming to detect ≤ 5.0 mm-sized melanomas histopathologically confirmed as pTis and pT1a. Methods: Dermoscopic images of consecutive cases of histopathologically confirmed melanomas were evaluated by three independent investigators for the presence of the predefined criteria. The melanomas were subdivided according to their diameter into small melanomas, so-called micromelanomas (microM)—sized ≤ 5.0 mm and >5.0 mm, according to published definitions of small melanocytic lesions. The Triage Amalgamated Dermoscopic Algorithm (TADA) and the revisited 7-point checklist of dermoscopy (7-point) algorithm were chosen for the diagnostic feasibility. Odds ratios and corresponding 95% confidence limits (CL) were calculated using the logistic regression adjusted for age for the melanoma-specific dermoscopic structures, the dermoscopic patterns and the diagnostic feasibility of the 7-point checklist and TADA algorithms. The p-values of the results were corrected using the Bonferroni method. Results: In total, 106 patients with 109 melanomas, 50 sized ≤ 5.0 mm and 59 exceeding the diameter of 5.0 mm, were retrospectively analyzed. The prevalent general pattern of microM was the spitzoid one (48% vs. 11.86%, p = 0.0013). Furthermore, 40% of microM vs. 6.78% melanomas sized > 5.0 mm (p = 0.0023) did not present melanoma-specific patterns. The asymmetric multicomponent pattern was present in 64.41% melanomas sized > 5.0 mm and in 26.00% microM (p = 0.0034). The asymmetry of structures or colors was detected in 56% microM vs. 89.83% (p = 0.0020) and 56% microM and 94.92% (p = 0.000034) melanoma sized > 5.0 mm, respectively. The differences in frequency of the detected dermoscopic structures specific to melanomas revealed that microM are almost deprived of negative networks (p = 0.04), shiny white structures (p = 0.0027) and regression features (p = 0.00003). Neither prominent skin markings nor angulated lines were found in the entire study group. Out of the vascular structures, microM presented only dotted (32%) or polymorphous (28%) vessels, although more rarely than melanomas sized > 5.0 mm (66.1% p = 0.017 and 49% p > 0.05, respectively). The diagnostic feasibility revealed a score ≥ 3 of the 7-point algorithm (indicative for malignancy) in 60% microM and 98.31% melanomas sized > 5.0 mm (p = 0.000006). The TADA algorithm revealed melanoma-specific patterns in 64% microM and 96.61% > 5.0 mm-sized melanomas (p = 0.00006) and melanoma-specific structures in 72% and 91.53% (p > 0.05), respectively. Conclusion: In the dermoscopy, 40% of micromelanomas histopathologically staged as pTis and pT1a did not reveal melanoma-specific patterns. Among the general melanocytic patterns, the spitzoid one was the most frequently found in melanomas sized ≤ 5.0 mm. The 7-point checklist and TADA dermoscopic algorithms were helpful in the identification of the majority of melanomas sized ≤ 5.0 mm.

Dermoscopy of mucosal surface termed “mucoscopy” is an upcoming offshoot of dermatological imaging. However, the literature on mucoscopy is limited to individual cases and small case series. An organized review or systematic analysis of mucoscopy is lacking. The aim of this review was to summarize the published literature on mucoscopic features of benign conditions affecting the oral mucosa and semi‐mucosa. Additionally, the results of mucoscopic features of diseases, which have not been described before have been presented.

Nevus comedonicus (NC) is a very rare, benign hamartoma characterised by the occurrence of dilated, comedo-like openings, typically on the face, neck, upper arms, chest or abdomen. In uncertain cases, histopathological examination confirms the diagnosis. The authors suggest dermoscopy as a rapid and useful method of initial diagnosis of nevus comedonicus based upon its distinctive dermoscopic features. The dermoscopy reveals numerous light- and dark-brown, circular or barrel-shaped, homogenous areas with prominent keratin plugs.

Basosquamous carcinoma (BSC) is a rare non-melanoma skin cancer that shares the characteristic features of both basal and squamous cell carcinomas (BCC, SCC). Our research enables better characterization of BSC in comparison to high-risk subtypes of BCC and SCC. Paper includes a retrospective analysis of BSC cases regarding sex, age, number of tumors and anatomical distribution in comparison to BCC and SCC evaluating the differences and defining the implications. Histologically confirmed carcinomas recorded between 1999 and 2019 were studied. 181 diagnosed BSC cases were identified, making this study the largest cohorts of BSC patients reported worldwide. Most cases were reported on head and neck. Analysis of facial anatomic distribution shows that most commonly affected sites were the nose (43%) and the cheek (25%). The age at excision of metatypical BCC was higher than those of low-risk BCC (P < 0.05), however similar to high-risk BCC (P = 0.20). We revisited that the concept of BSC is the most similar to high-risk subtypes of BCC. Patients with diagnosed BSC have higher risk of second nonmelanoma skin cancer. Therefore, the frequency of follow-up examination should be adjusted to the individual risk of another skin cancer.